Alba González Rodríguez

Burns represent a pathology with a high prevalence and complexity, they are injuries that require special care. Preserving as much healthy tissue |

The accumulation process of proinflammatory components in the body due to aging influences intercellular communication and is known as inflammaging. This biological mechanism relates the development of inflammation to the aging process. Recently, it has been reported that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are mediators in the transmission of paracrine senescence involved in inflammatory aging. For this reason, their components, as well as mechanisms of action of sEVs, are relevant to develop a new therapy called senodrugs (senolytics and senomorphic) that regulates the intercellular communication of inflammaging. In this review, we include the most recent and relevant studies on the role of sEVs in the inflammatory aging process and in age-related diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes.

Introduction Phrenic nerve transfer has been shown to achieve good nerve regeneration in brachial plexus avulsion. Acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) showed inferior results to autografts, which is why its use with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is currently being studied. The aim is to study the effect of BM-MSCs associated with ANAs in a rat model of phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve in a C5-C6 avulsion. Material and methods 42 Wistar-Lewis rats underwent a C5-C6 lesion in the right forelimb by excising a 3 mm segment from both roots, followed by a phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve associated with the interposition of a three types of nerve graft (randomly distributed): control (autograft) group (n = 12), ANAs group (n = 12), and ANAs + BM-MSCs group (n = 18) After 12 weeks, amplitude and latency of the NAP and the compound motor action potential (CMAP) were measured. Biceps muscles were studied by histological analysis and nerve grafts by electron microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Results Statistically significant reductions were found in latency of the CMAP between groups control (2.48 ± 0.47 ms) and experimental (ANAs: 4.38 ± 0.78 ms, ANAs + BM-MSCs: 4.08 ± 0.85 ms) and increases in the amplitude of the CMAP between groups control (0.04388 ± 0.02 V) and ANAs + BM-MSCs (0.02275 ± 0.02 V), as well as in the thickness of the myelin sheath between groups control (0.81 ± 0.07 μm) and experimental (ANAs: 0.72 ± 0.08 μm, ANAs + BM-MSCs: 0.72 ± 0.07 μm) and in the area of the myelin sheath between groups control (13.09 ± 2.67 μm²) and ANAs (10.01 ± 2.97 μm²) (p < .05). No statistically significant differences have been found between groups ANAs and ANAs + BM-MSCs. Conclusions This study presents a model for the study of lesions of the upper trunk and validates the autologous graft as the gold standard.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of scaphoidectomy and capitolunate arthrodesis versus four-corner arthrodesis in patients with stage III scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) wrists. Methods We reviewed retrospectively all of the consecutive patients surgically treated in our center between 2007 and 2015, including 20 patients in the four-corner arthrodesis group and 11 patients in the capitolunate group. The mean follow-up time was of 47 months. The follow-up evaluation included wrist range of motion (ROM), grip strength, visual analogue scale (VAS), the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the Mayo wrist scale (MWS). Postoperative complications and the radiographic evaluation were also assessed. Results There was no statistical difference in flexion, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, grip strength, VAS, DASH or MWS scores. There was a statistically significant increase (6°) in extension in capitolunate arthrodesis versus four-corner arthrodesis, possibly without clinical relevance. There were two nonunions in the four-corner group, and none in the capitolunate group. None of the patients in the capitolunate group required screw removal. One patient in the four-corner group required dorsal plate removal. One patient in each group required conversion to total arthrodesis. Conclusions Capitolunate arthrodesis shows similar results in wrist ROM, grip strength and patient-reported outcomes when compared with four-corner arthrodesis at an average follow-up period of 4 years. We did not have any pisotriquetral arthritis in the capitolunate arthrodesis group, despite not removing the triquetrum in any of patients of this group. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III.