Xing Wang

While the mesonephros persists in the adult mouse ovary and contributes to folliculogenesis, its inductive role in oogonial stem cell (OSC) differentiation remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated whether mesonephros-derived cells direct OSCs toward follicle-like structures in vitro. OSCs were co-cultured with mesonephros cells, and morphological assessments and factor expression analyses were conducted at multiple time points. On day 14 of co-culture, 10× Genomics single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing were performed to profile transcriptomic changes, while renal capsule transplantation was conducted to evaluate the functional potential of co-cultured clusters in recipient mice. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a robust expression of mesonephros-specific genes and a significant enrichment of PI3K/AKT pathway-associated genes in co-cultured cells. Notably, transplanted clusters exhibited signs of estrogen secretion with maintained graft integrity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the mesonephros promotes OSC differentiation into follicle-like structures, with the PI3K/AKT pathway identified as a candidate mediator of this process. Our study provides novel insights into the developmental regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis and offers a valuable experimental model for future investigations.

Objective To study changes in the morphological indicators of sacral Neurocentral synchondrosis (NCS) in normal children aged 1–5, explore the growth and development patterns of sacral spine NCS with age. Methods 100 normal pelvic CT images of 1–5-year-old children were collected and divided into 5 groups of 20 cases each. The images in DICOM format were imported into Mimics 21.0 software. The morphological indices of sacral NCS were measured using the Measurements toolbar, and statistical analysis was conducted. Results The closure of NCS in the sacral vertebra S_1-3 shows a clear pattern. S₃ closes earliest (75% closure rate in the Age 1 group, ≥ 95% in the Age 2 group), S₂ closes next and rapidly (15% in the Age 1 group, rising to 80% in the Age 2 group), and S₁ closes last (starting closure in the Age 3 group, reaching 55% in the Age 5 group). In the Age 1–5 groups, the sagittal diameter, perimeter, and area of NCS-S₁ first increase and then gradually decrease, peaking in the Age 2 group; the transverse diameter increases slowly until the Age 4 group and then decreases. The morphological indicators of NCS for S₂ and S₃ continuously decrease, reaching the lowest values by the Age 2 group. Conclusion The closure time of the sacral NCS follows the order S₃ < S₂ < S₁. In children aged 1–5 years, sacral NCS undergoes segmental rapid ossification, with ossification progressing from the periphery toward the center, exhibiting a developmental pattern characterized by “early peak—rapid closure.”

Aberrant lipid metabolism is intimately linked to tumor progression. As a pivotal post‐translational modification, ubiquitination regulates diverse oncogenic processes. However, the interplay between ubiquitination and lipid metabolic dysregulation in pancreatic cancer (PC), along with its underlying molecular mechanisms, remains poorly understood. Here, it is demonstrated that glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) potentiates lipid biosynthesis under the regulation of deubiquitinases. Specifically, PSMD14 directly binds and stabilizes LDHA through its deubiquitinase activity, resulting in intracellular lactate accumulation. Elevated lactate levels enhance histone lactylation marks, which transcriptionally activate ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) to promote malignant progression via fatty acid synthesis pathway activation. This study reveals a previously unrecognized role of PSMD14‐derived lactate in mediating histone lactylation‐coupled lipid deposition and tumor progression. Therapeutic co‐targeting of PSMD14 and glycolytic lactylation significantly suppresses tumor growth in patient‐derived xenograft models, suggesting a promising combinatorial strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment.

Objective Reveal the changing rule of the positional relationship between the uncinate process of cervical spine and vertebral artery by measuring the relevant parameters between the uncinate process of cervical spine and vertebral artery in different age groups. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 1240 cases of cervical spine imaging data from 2018 to 2021 in the Radiology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University. The distance between the uncinate process superior ridge and vertebral artery and the maximum of pedicle transverse angle, the minimum of pedicle transverse angle, the range of pedicle transverse angle and the pedicle width were measured according to age groups. Results The distance between the uncinate process superior ridge and vertebral artery increased with age. The maximum of pedicle transverse angle, the minimum of pedicle transverse angle and the range of pedicle transverse angle decreased with aging. The pedicle width increased with age and vertebral sequence. C₃ and C₇ showed significant differences in the distance between the uncinate process superior ridge and vertebral artery, the maximum of pedicle transverse angle and the minimum of pedicle transverse angle, the range of pedicle transverse angle and the pedicle width among age groups (P < 0.05). In the correlation analysis, age was positively correlated with the distance between the uncinate process superior ridge and vertebral artery (r = 0.13), pedicle width (r = 0.29), and negatively correlated with the maximum (r = − 0.06), minimum (r = − 0.03), and the range of pedicle transverse angle (r = − 0.05). Conclusion The anatomical relationship between the uncinate process and the vertebral artery plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis. Understanding the significant differences in the anatomical parameters of different segments between age groups, sequences and sides can ensure the safety of the operation. It can provide important theoretical basis and technical support for the imaging evaluation of vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis and the selection of screw Angle and screw diameter matching in anterior/posterior cervical surgery.

Objectives To develop a deep learning model to automatically measure the curvature-related sagittal parameters on cervical spinal X-ray images. Methods This retrospective study collected a total of 700 lateral cervical spine X-ray images from three hospitals, consisting of 500 training sets, 100 internal test sets, and 100 external test sets. 6 measured parameters and 34 landmarks were measured and labeled by two doctors and averaged as the gold standard. A Convolutional neural network (CNN) model was built by training on 500 images and testing on 200 images. Statistical analysis is used to evaluate labeling differences and model performance. Results The percentages of the difference in distance between landmarks within 4 mm were 96.90% (Dr. A vs. Dr. B), 98.47% (Dr. A vs. model), and 97.31% (Dr. B vs. model); within 3 mm were 94.88% (Dr. A vs. Dr. B), 96.43% (Dr. A vs. model), and 94.16% (Dr. B vs. model). The mean difference of the algorithmic model in labeling landmarks was 1.17 ± 1.14 mm. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the algorithmic model for the Borden method, Cervical curvature index (CCI), Vertebral centroid measurement cervical lordosis (CCL), C₀–C₇ Cobb, C₁–C₇ Cobb, C₂–C₇ Cobb in the test sets are 1.67 mm, 2.01%, 3.22°, 2.37°, 2.49°, 2.81°, respectively; symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) was 20.06%, 21.68%, 20.02%, 6.68%, 5.28%, 20.46%, respectively. Also, the algorithmic model of the six cervical sagittal parameters is in good agreement with the gold standard (intraclass correlation efficiency was 0.983; p < 0.001). Conclusion Our deep learning algorithmic model had high accuracy in recognizing the landmarks of the cervical spine and automatically measuring cervical spine-related parameters, which can help radiologists improve their diagnostic efficiency.

The cervical uncinate process is a unique structure of the cervical spine that undergoes significant changes in its morphological characteristics with age, and these changes may be related to osteoporosis. This study aimed to observe the distribution of cancellous bone in the cervical uncinate process and its morphological features using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) to gain a deeper understanding of the morphological characteristics of the uncinate microstructure. We performed Micro-CT scans on 31 sets of C3-C7 vertebrae, a total of 155 intact bone samples, and subsequently used the measurement software with the Micro-CT system to obtain parameters related to the cancellous bone of the uncinate process. We found that the cancellous bone of the uncinate process was predominantly longitudinally cross-aligned and continuous with the cancellous bone within the vertebral body. Comparisons between the left and right sides of each parameter showed significant differences only in the bone surface area, and the peaks of each parameter were primarily concentrated in C4-C6. In this study, we found that the C5 uncinate process is the site of most significant stress in the cervical vertebrae, which leads to the earliest occurrence of osteoporosis, and this study provides experimental, theoretical bases for the prevention of cervical spondylosis and osteoporosis, and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.