Berrak Barutcu Asfuroğlu

Venous air embolism is a rare but clinically significant complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), which is widely used in the treatment of conditions including carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression sickness, and wound healing. We report a case of systemic venous air embolism following HBOT in an 85‐year‐old woman treated for carbon monoxide poisoning. The patient had syncope, dizziness and nausea. Abdominal CT revealed multiple venous air bubbles. This case highlights a scarcely reported complication of HBOT and the importance of recognizing imaging findings and potential clinical effects after HBOT. Increased awareness may improve monitoring and safety in patients undergoing HBOT.

Purpose To investigate the radiation-induced effects of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for sellar-parasellar tumors on optic pathways using DTI parameters within the first year after treatment. Methods Twenty-five patients with sellar-parasellar tumors underwent MRI before and 3 months after GKRS, including T1WI, DTI, T2WI. Moreover, 21 patients underwent follow-up DTI 6–8 months after radiosurgery. ROIs were set on optic nerves, optic radiations, and control localizations; DTI parameters for each were calculated. Pre- and post-radiosurgery differences in DTI values were statistically compared and assessed with respect to tumor size changes. Results Following GKRS, DTI parameters, notably ADC, FA, and RD, showed statistically significant changes in optic nerves and anterior optic radiations. DTI changes were more significant in the group of cases with tumor shrinkage. In this group, DTI of the anterior optic radiations further deteriorated 3 months post-GKRS, whereas acute changes in DTI parameters of the optic nerves resolved within 6–8 months. DTI of central and posterior optic radiations did not differ significantly following radiosurgery; 6–8 months after radiosurgery, visual function was stable in 14 (56%) patients and improved in 11 (44%), showing no correlation with tumor size changes or DTI parameters. Conclusion White Matter (WM) injury in the optic pathways can be induced by Gamma Knife radiosurgery targeted to sellar and parasellar tumors. Following GKRS, microstructural abnormalities occurred in the optic radiations as well as the optic nerves within the first post-treatment year. Our findings could support modifications to radiosurgical treatment strategies to minimize the risk of permanent WM injury.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an abrupt inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas and it can occur in different severities. It is becoming more common and more mortal in the gerontal population. The aim of our study was to explore the similarities and differences between young and gerontal patients with acute pancreatitis, with a special emphasis on patients over 80 years of age. Methods: Medical records of patients (n = 1150) with acute pancreatitis were analyzed retrospectively. Several scoring systems including Bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis, Ranson’s score, Harmless acute pancreatitis score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, Balthazar Grade, Glasgow score, and Japanese severity score were applied at admission. Patients were divided into 3 groups; group I, young group (n = 706), if they were aged <65 years; group II, older group (n = 338), if they were aged ≥65 years to <80 years; group III, octogenarian group (n = 106), if they were aged ≥ 0 years. Results: In total, 1150 patients with acute pancreatitis were analyzed. Octogenarian group (n = 42, 39.6%) showed a more severe acute pancreatitis compared to patients in group I (n = 15, 2.1%) and II (n = 50, 14.8%, P < .001). Complications were more common in patients in group III (P < .001). Mortality rate was higher in patients in group III (n = 53, 50%) compared to group I (n = 8, 1.1%) and group II (n = 53, 15.7%) (P < .001). Conclusion: Gerontal patients with acute pancreatitis tend to have more severe disease and systemic and local complications. Mortality rates were higher in older patients compared to younger patients. Cite this article as: Asfuroğlu Kalkan E, Kalkan Ç, Kaçar S, et al. Similarities and differences between gerontal and young patients with acute pancreatitis: Evaluation of clinical characteristics and outcomes. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2022;33(10):874-884.

Radyoloji başucu serisi tıp fakültesi öğrencileri, radyoloji asistanları, radyoloji uzmanları, radyolojinin geniş ilgi alanında anlatılan konuyla ilgili diğer hekim ve sağlık personelleri için, hap formatında, her konunun en sık görülen tanılarının bulunduğu başucu veya başvuru kitabı olarak hazırlanmıştır. Yaklaşık 100 yazar arkadaşımızla, kendi arşivlerinden aldıkları görüntüler ve yıllar içinde biriktirdikleri tecrübelerin sonucu Radyoloji başucu serisi ortaya çıktı.

Purpose The aim of this study is to compare lateral ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) temperature of the patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy subjects (HS) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry. Methods Seventy-two patients (37 AD, 19 MCI, 16 HS) who underwent 3-T MR examination from September 2018 to August 2019 were included in this study. Smoking habits, education level, disease duration, and comorbidity status were recorded. Patients were assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score. Brain temperatures were measured using DWI-based MR thermometry. Group comparisons of brain temperature were performed using the Pearson chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Further analysis was performed using the post hoc Bonferroni test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also used. Results A CDR score of 0.5, 1, and 2 was 2 (5.4%), 14 (37.8%), and 21 (56.8%) in AD, respectively. The median MMSE score had significant differences among groups and also in pairwise comparisons. The median CSF temperature (°C) values showed statistically significant difference among groups (HS: 38.5 °C, MCI: 38.17 °C, AD: 38.0 °C). The post hoc Mann–Whitney U test indicated a significant difference between AD patients and HS (p = 0.009). There were no significant CSF temperature differences in other pairwise comparisons. Conclusion Lower CSF temperatures were observed in AD patients than in HS, probably due to decreased brain metabolism in AD. DWI-based MR thermometry as a noninvasive imaging method enabling the measurement of CSF temperatures may contribute to the diagnosis of AD.

Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency in which prolonged seizures require rapid diagnosis and treatment. It is classified as convulsive, non-convulsive, and electrographic patterns. Neuroimaging findings associated with status epilepticus may raise suspicion of ischemia, encephalitis, or neoplastic lesions possibly leading to additional studies and surgical treatment. Further follow-up imaging may prevent unnecessary intervention due to findings in status epilepticus may be reversible. Case Report: We report a case of convulsive status epilepticus with electroencephalography and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings discussing differential diagnosis. Conclusion: Our case highlights that SE should be aware of this potentially fatal condition and start the treatment immediately.