Svetlana L. Berezina

Modern socio-economic conditions for the development of the Russian Federation have determined the requirements for the training of highly professional competitive specialists who must have not only professional knowledge and skills, but also a whole set of universal competencies that a person needs throughout his life for self-education, self-realization, change of occupation, productive professional and other activities. The article substantiates the relevance and need to organize project activities of students of a technical university as one of the innovative pedagogical technologies aimed at developing social and personal competencies, activating cognitive interests, and developing creative abilities. The authors analyze the essence of the method of project activity in education, emphasizing its problematic practice-oriented nature. Presented examples of projects completed by students of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University based as on the integration of knowledge in general subjects, so that disciplines of professional training; proposed a system of project evaluation criteria. Highlighted professional and universal competencies of students of a technical university which formed in the process of implementing practice-oriented projects of a problematic nature, and which facilitate the mobility of a university graduates in the labor market, their socialization in society.

The study of the kinetic features of the dissolution of chromium is relevant in connection with its wide application in steels and alloys, strength and corrosion-resistant coatings, in electronic engineering and many other industries. In connection with the depletion and decrease in the reserves of chromium-containing ores, the creation of new highly efficient technologies for their processing is of paramount importance. Along with topical issues of optimization of technologies for chemical etching, leaching and enrichment of chromium-containing ores, the development of combined chemical-electrochemical methods, the development of the theory and practice of electrochemical methods of processing mineral raw materials are promising. The paper presents the results of studying the features of the anodic behavior of chromium in an acidic environment. An aqueous solution of sulfuric acid was used as a working solution. The dependence of the kinetics of dissolution of the anodic dissolution of chromium on the acidity of the electrolyte was established by the potentiodynamic method. Based on the analysis of experimental and thermodynamic data, it was concluded that the process proceeded in stages with the formation of chromium hydroxo complexes, and the mechanism of its anodic dissolution. The data obtained expand the understanding of the electrochemical behavior of chromium and can be taken into account when developing regimes for leaching chromiumcontaining ores and processes associated with the dissolution of chromium in acidic media.