Mina Zarmehrparirouy

Objectives This study was conducted to determine the predictors of sexual dysfunction and quality of life (QOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sexual dysfunction is a long-term consequence of diabetes that is widely ignored in personal management, even though it can have an adverse effect on QOL. Design This research was designed as a cross-sectional study. Setting 12 diabetes centres and clinics in Shiraz, south of Iran. Participants 390 male patients with T2D mellitus participated in this project. The inclusion criteria were being 30–65 years, having a history of diabetes of at least 1 year, having fasting blood sugar and glycosylated haemoglobin tests and being willing to participate in the study. Patients with medication treatment for mental disorders, a history of heart disease and renal failure were excluded. Primary outcome measures QOL and erectile dysfunction (ED). The questionnaires were the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent QOL (ADDQOL) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15). Data were reported using descriptive and analytical statistics methods. Result The participants’ mean age was 48.35±9.27 years. The average weighted impact (AWI) score of ADDQOL for the participants was −3.01, indicating the negative influence of diabetes on their QOL. The mean value of the total score of sexual dysfunction was 42.79±22.75, and the rates of mild, mild to moderate, moderate and severe ED were 19%, 17.7%, 17.2% and 24.6%, respectively. Sexual dysfunction was significantly related to age (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.09), diabetes duration (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.07), HbA1c (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.95), BMI (OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.16), marital status (married: OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.77), without diabetes complication (OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.31) and insulin therapy (OR=2.86, 95% CI: 1.67 to 4.92). ADDQOL was significantly related to age (OR=1.049), HbA1c (OR=2.192), marital status (married: OR=2.089), educational level (high school certificate: OR=0.337, university degree: OR=0.295), diabetes complication (no complication: OR=0.372) and insulin therapy (OR=3.82). AWI was correlated with the total score of IIEF-15 (r=0.78, p value Conclusion To improve the QOL of diabetic patients, it is suggested that all the predictors of sexual dysfunction, such as glycaemic control, obesity, diabetes complications and duration, should be considered in diabetic management guidelines.

Background: Clinical education is the most important part of the education of nursing, operating room, and anesthesia students. During the COVID-19 pandemic and the suspension of clinical training, these students became very concerned. Nursing schools also limit clinical education to create a balance between students' educational needs and safety. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of changing clinical education conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of clinical education and the clinical self-efficacy of nursing, operating room, and anesthesia students in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 277 seventh and eighth-semester nursing, operating room, and anesthesia students in Tehran, Iran. Students were selected by simple random sampling using a random number table. The study tools included the demographic questionnaire, the clinical education quality questionnaire, and the clinical self-efficacy questionnaire, which were sent to the participants via WhatsApp and Telegram after confirming their validity and reliability. Results and Discussion: 64.30% of students were female, and the mean age was 23.59±3.49. The mean of total scores for the quality of clinical education and clinical self-efficacy was equal to 57.38±12.43 and 104.88±23.01, respectively. 57% of students considered moderate the level of the quality of clinical education and 51.60% of them moderate the level of clinical self-efficacy. The total score for clinical self-efficacy significantly correlated with the quality of clinical education (r=0.12, P-value=0.04). Conclusion: The use of new educational methods, planning the course based on the needs of learners and in accordance with the conditions, and increasing the capability and the clinical self-efficacy of nursing students should be considered by nursing professors.

Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive role of the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs and health literacy (HL) in shaping the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive health behaviors (PHBs) among adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 503 adolescent girls and boys, randomly selected via cluster sampling. For this purpose, the data were collected online through four research tools, including the demographic-clinical characteristics information questionnaire, the COVID-19 PHB Scale based on HBM, and the Health Literacy Scale for COVID-19. The data analysis was then performed by regression analysis along with the structural equation modeling (SEM), considering the significance level of 0.05. Results The regression analysis results demonstrated that following the one-unit increase in the values of self-efficacy and cues to action, the COVID-19 PHBs elevated by 0.063 and 0.078 units, respectively. In addition, the COVID-19 PHBs subsided by 0.018 with the rise in the value of perceived barriers (P < 0.001). According to the path analysis, the direct path from the COVID-19-related HL to the COVID-19 PHBs (B = 0.097, β = 0.087, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.005 to 0.189) was significant. Furthermore, the indirect path from the COVID-19-related HL to the COVID-19 PHBs through perceived susceptibility (B = 0.017, β = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.032), perceived barriers (B = 0.029, β = 0.026, 95% CI = 0.004 to 0.055), self-efficacy (B = 0.094, β = 0.084, 95% CI = 0.031 to 0.156), and cues to action (B = 0.153, β = 0.137, 95% CI = 0.092 to 0.215) was significant. Conclusion In keeping with the study results, it is essential to take some effective measures to boost the HBM constructs and HL among adolescents to improve their PHBs during pandemics such as COVID-19.

During infectious disease outbreaks, the knowledge and attitudes level of individuals involved in patient care is controversial. This cross-sectional study assessed the levels of knowledge and attitudes of Iranian nursing students regarding COVID-19 to determine their educational needs and take the necessary measures for their readiness. A total of 302 nursing students completed a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire through a web-based survey to collect data. 54% were women among the participants, and 51.32% were over 20. The mean (SD = standard deviation) scores of knowledge and attitudes were 17.99 (SD = 5.26) and 3.68 (SD = 1.15), respectively. According to the classification of total knowledge score, the unsatisfactory, satisfactory, and excellent levels were 55.30%, 18.50%, and 26.20%, respectively. The knowledge levels of nursing care for COVID-19 patients, sampling method for diagnostic purposes, medications used during COVID-19 treatment, and the clinical course of COVID-19 were thus lower than other issues. The mean score of attitudes was also 3.68 (SD = 1.15), representing the nursing students’ positive attitudes towards caring for COVID-19 patients. The results of the Spearman correlation coefficient between knowledge and attitude about COVID-19 showed a significant positive relationship between the total knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.23, p < 0.001). Therefore, given the knowledge levels, particularly the unsatisfactory level in nursing care for COVID-19 patients, and the relatively positive attitudes towards this condition, it is helpful to implement training programs to improve the nursing students’ knowledge and clinical skills.