Mohamed Salem

This study was carried out to evaluate a rectal pull-back one-stage technique, which is a modification of the one-stage Goetz technique, for treating third-degree perineal laceration or rectovestibular fistula. This study was performed on 12 mares, ten of whom suffered from third-grade perineal laceration, and two suffered from rectovestibular fistula and were included in this study. After incision of the vestibular shelf horizontally, the dissected rectal flap was pulled caudally and sutured to the anal sphincter during its reconstruction at the final stage. While the vestibular shelf/vaginal flap was reconstructed using size 2 polyglactin 910 suture material in six-bite suture pattern. Post-oparative follow up included monitoring the wound healing and recording the complications. Neither necrosis of the rectovestibular shelf nor formation of rectovestibular fistula has been recorded. Two mares showed partial dehiscence of the perineal body and one had partial dehiscence of anal sphincter which healed successfully. Rectal pull-back technique can be a good alternative for the treatment of third-grade perineal laceration and rectovestibular fistula in mares.

Epidural analgesia is very effective for perioperative and postoperative pain control in animals undergoing surgery of the hind limb. This investigation intended to estimate the antinociceptive effect of Fentanyl and lidocaine in lumbosacral epidural analgesia in rabbits during stifle surgical operation. This study was performed on 18 adult male rabbits allocated into three groups. All rabbits were administered xylazine HCl (7.5 mg/kg) and ketamine HCl (35 mg/kg) via intramuscular injection. The rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 6); Group 1: epidural administration of 1 ml normal saline 0.9%; Group 2: epidural administration of lidocaine (4 mg/kg); Group 3: epidural administration of lidocaine (4 mg/kg) combined with fentanyl citrate (0.005 mg/kg). Comparisons were made among the groups. Compared to other groups, the analgesia was started after 46.15±1.8 seconds in group 3 earlier than in groups 1 and 2. Additionally, group 3 experienced flaccid paralysis for longer (38.5±1.5 min) than groups 1 and 2 (13.7±1.0 and 18.8±1.2 min). Furthermore, group 3 showed longer sensory blockades (42.15±1.3 min) than groups 1 and 2 (30.3±0.6 and 33.3±0.9 min). In conclusion, epidural lidocaine plus fentanyl induced a more potent antinociceptive effect, rapid onset of analgesia, and long duration of analgesia than lidocaine alone.

Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of lidocaine, tramadol, and their combination for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in rabbits undergoing knee surgery. Materials and methods: This study was performed on 24 male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.8 to 3.0 kg and was allocated into three groups. All groups were anaesthetized by intramuscular (IM) injection of 35 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine, 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol. Rabbits in Group A received epidural analgesia of 4 mg/kg lidocaine 2%; Group B rabbits received epidural analgesia of 4 mg/kg tramadol 5%, and Group C rabbits received epidural analgesia of a combination of 4 mg/kg lidocaine and 4 mg/kg tramadol. Prior to and during surgery, the following parameters were recorded in a regular pre-set time interval: onset time of analgesia (OT), duration of flaccid paralysis (DFP), duration of analgesia (DA), onset and duration of sensory blockade, onset and duration of motor blockade, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and rectal temperature (RT). Results: The mean OT demonstrated a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in Group C (46.5 ± 1.4 sec) compared to Group A and B (61.0 ± 2.4 and 54.5 ± 3.5 sec), respectively. DFP was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Group C (35.5 ± 2.9 min) than in Group A and B (17.6 ± 1.4 and 21.8 ± 3.6), respectively. DA showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in group C (45.8 ± 3.3 min) compared to groups A and B, respectively (23.3 ± 1.1 and 31.5 ± 2.3). Heart rate, RR, and RT significantly decreased in Group C compared to the other groups. Conclusion: According to the current study findings, lumbosacral epidural administration of lidocaine combined with tramadol could be a better choice for potentiating the analgesia than administration of either drug separately and may be safely used in rabbits undergoing knee surgery.

This study was conducted to establish a detailed anatomic reference for the carpal joint of apparently healthy donkeys using ultrasonography (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten orthopedically sound adult donkeys were used for US examination of the carpal joint in each forelimb. Additionally, the carpi of ten donkey cadavers were subjected to CT and MRI examinations. The carpal joint was divided into four zones to simplify examination. US assessment of the carpal joint included transverse and longitudinal sonograms. CT was performed using three planes: axial, sagittal, and coronal. MRI was performed using axial and sagittal planes with two sequences: gradient-echo T1-weighted and proton density. The donkeys’ carpus US, CT, and MRI images were labeled and serially interpreted based on references and anatomical cross-sections. The anatomical characteristics of the carpal joint and the surrounding soft tissue structures were thoroughly described and precisely differentiated on US, CT, and MRI scans. It can be concluded that US, CT, and MRI are effective noninvasive diagnostic imaging tools for evaluating the carpal joint in donkeys. Moreover, these imaging modalities can aid in establishing a reference database for the carpal joint of donkeys, which differs from that of horses.