CCChuan-Xin Cui

Chuan-Xin Cui

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Chuan-Xin Cui has a total of 8 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:


Latest Publications

  • Top Cited Papers
    Open Access

    Splitting and gluing in sine-dilaton gravity: matter correlators and the wormhole Hilbert space

    by Chuanxin Cui, Moshe Rozali

    A bstract: Sine-dilaton gravity has been proposed as the holographic dual of the double scaled SYK (DSSYK) model. In this work, we examine this duality by deriving general matter correlation functions directly from the bulk perspective. A novel technique we develop is to treat matter lines in the bulk as end-of-the-world (EOW) branes, allowing us to implement a splitting and gluing procedure on the bulk spacetime. This geometric procedure gives rise to the structure of two-sided multi-particle wormhole Hilbert space. In contrast to previous Hilbert space constructions in DSSYK, the length basis in our case factorizes across the subregions, whereas the energy basis acquires a non-local, state-dependent structure determined by the EOW brane quantization in each subregion. Different choices of splitting correspond to distinct representations of the same Hilbert space, all of which are equivalent for physical observables. Based on this framework, we compute general correlation functions, including the OTOC, and show that they exactly reproduce the DSSYK results obtained from chord diagrams. By calculating the OTOC in different representations, we uncover a new identity for the 6j-symbol of the quantum group $$ {\mathcal{U}}_q\left( su\left(1,1\right)\right) $$ U q su 1 1 . Finally, the resulting wormhole Hilbert space enables us to go beyond the disk to compute matter correlation functions on the double trumpet and to include bulk matter loops.


  • Open Access

    Casimir energy stabilization of Standard Model landscape in dark dimension

    by Chuanxin Cui, Sirui Ning

    A bstract: In this paper we present a realization of the dark dimension. We consider the 5D Standard Model coupling to gravity with one dimension compactified on an orbifold, which is seen as the dark dimension of size R. We stabilize the radion by Casimir effect wrapping around the compact dimension and recover the neutrino mass and 4D cosmological constant with the observed value. Orbifold can lead to a natural resolution of chirality problem in 5D at low energy, which we briefly discussed in the paper. Although we found that the radion mass is too light to survive under solar system tests of GR, several screening mechanisms might give us a solution, for example, the Chameleon mechanism.


  • Open Access

    Comments on firewalls in JT gravity with matter

    by Chuanxin Cui, Moshe Rozali

    We present two discussions of firewalls in JT gravity. First we present an alternative, arguably simpler, derivation of the gray hole conjecture, applying uniformly to all probes of the firewall probability previously discussed. This derivation is based on the wormhole shortening picture using the handle-disk geometry. However we modify Saad’s story utilizing a “Wilsonian” effective gravitational description, adapted to the time scale probed, in which high frequency modes are integrated out generating the gravitational bulk geometries (dual to the genus expansion in the matrix integral side) whereas low frequency modes are more precisely resolved by being represented as eigenvalue D-branes where JT universes can end. This treatment results in an effective “twist factor cutoff” prescription which simplifies the discussion of long time quantities including the firewall probability. In the second part we discuss effects of matter loops on the firewall probability. While such effects lead to new firewall sources, we argue that these matter loop contributions are sub-dominant at late times.


  • Open Access

    New aspect of chiral and axial breaking in QCD

    by Chuan-Xin Cui, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Jin-Yang Li, Shinya Matsuzaki, Akio Tomiya

    Violation of the $U(1)$ axial symmetry in QCD is stricter than the chiral $SU(2)$ breaking, simply because of the presence of the quantum axial anomaly. If the QCD gauge coupling is sent to zero, the strength of the $U(1)$ axial breaking coincides with that of the chiral $SU(2)$ breaking, which we shall in short call an axial-chiral coincidence. This coincidence is trivial since QCD then becomes a non-interacting theory. Actually, there exists another limit in the QCD parameter space, where an axial-chiral coincidence occurs even with nonzero QCD gauge coupling, that can be dubbed a nontrivial coincidence: it is the case with the massive light quarks $(m_l\neq 0)$ and the massless strange quark ($m_s=0$), due to the flavor-singlet nature of the topological susceptibility. This coincidence is robust and tied to the anomalous chiral Ward-Takahashi identity, which is operative even at hot QCD. This implies that the chiral $SU(2)$ symmetry is restored simultaneously with the $U(1)$ axial symmetry at high temperatures. This simultaneous restoration is independent of $m_l (\neq 0)$, hence is irrespective to the order of the chiral phase transition. In this paper, we discuss how the real-life QCD can be evolved from the nontrivial chiral-axial coincidence limit, by working on a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the $U(1)$ axial anomaly contribution properly incorporated. It is shown that at high temperatures the large differences between the restorations of the chiral $SU(2)$ symmetry and the $U(1)$ axial symmetry for two light quarks and a sufficiently large current mass for the strange quark is induced by a significant interference of the topological susceptibility. Thus the deviation from the nontrivial coincidence, which is monitored by the strange quark mass controlling the topological susceptibility, provides a new way of understanding the chiral $SU(2)$ and $U(1)$ axial breaking in QCD.

  • Open Access

    New Aspect of Chiral SU(2) and U(1) Axial Breaking in QCD

    by Chuan-Xin Cui, Jin-Yang Li, Shinya Matsuzaki, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Akio Tomiya

    The violation of the U(1) axial symmetry in QCD is stricter than the chiral SU(2) breaking simply because of the presence of the quantum axial anomaly. If the QCD gauge coupling is sent to zero (the asymptotic free limit, where the U(1) axial anomaly does not exist), the strength of the U(1) axial breaking coincides with that of the chiral SU(2) breaking, which we, in short, call an axial–chiral coincidence. This coincidence is trivial since QCD then becomes a non-interacting theory. Actually, there exists another limit in the QCD parameter space, where an axial–chiral coincidence occurs even with nonzero QCD gauge coupling, which can be dubbed a nontrivial coincidence: it is the case with the massive light quarks (ml≠0) and the massless strange quark (ms=0) due to the flavor-singlet nature of the topological susceptibility. This coincidence is robust and tied to the anomalous chiral Ward–Takahashi identity, which is operative even at hot QCD. This implies that the chiral SU(2) symmetry is restored simultaneously with the U(1) axial symmetry at high temperatures. This simultaneous restoration is independent of ml(≠0) and, hence, is irrespective of the order of the chiral phase transition. In this paper, we discuss how the real-life QCD can be evolved from the nontrivial chiral–axial coincidence limit by working on a Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model with the U(1) axial anomaly contribution properly incorporated. It is shown that, at high temperatures, the large differences between the restorations of the chiral SU(2) symmetry and the U(1) axial symmetry for two light quarks and a sufficiently large current mass for the strange quark are induced by a significant interference of the topological susceptibility. Thus, the deviation from the nontrivial coincidence, which is monitored by the strange quark mass controlling the topological susceptibility, provides a new way of understanding the chiral SU(2) and U(1) axial breaking in QCD.


  • Open Access

    New Indication from Quantum Chromodynamics Calling for beyond the Standard Model

    by Chuan-Xin Cui, Jin-Yang Li, Hiroyuki Ishida, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Shinya Matsuzaki, Akio Tomiya

    We find that a big gap between indicators for the breaking strengths of the global chiral SU(2) and U(1) axial symmetries in the QCD of the standard model (SM) can be interpreted as a new fine-tuning problem. This may thus imply calling for a class beyond the SM, which turns out to favor having a new chiral symmetry, and the associated massless new quark is insensitive to the chiral SU(2) symmetry for the lightest up and down quarks so that the fine-tuning is relaxed. Our statistical estimate shows that QCD of the SM is by more than 300 standard deviations off the parameter space free from fine-tuning, and the significance will be greater as the lattice measurements on the QCD hadron observables become more accurate. We briefly address a dark QCD model with massless new quarks as one viable candidate.


  • Open Access

    QCD knows new quarks

    by Chuan-Xin Cui, Hiroyuki Ishida, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Jin-Yang Li, Shinya Matsuzaki, Akio Tomiya

    We find that a big gap between indicators for the breaking strengths of the global chiral SU(2) and U(1) axial symmetries in QCD of the Standard Model (SM) can be interpreted as a new fine-tuning problem. This may thus imply calling for a class of Beyond the SM, which turns out to favor having a new chiral symmetry and the associated massless new quark insensitive to the chiral SU(2) symmetry for the lightest up and down quarks, so that the fine-tuning is relaxed. Our statistical estimate shows that QCD of the SM is by more than 300 standard deviations off the desired parameter space, which is free from the fine-tuning, and the significance will be greater as the lattice measurements on the QCD hadron observables get more accurate. As one viable candidate, we introduce a dark QCD model with massless new quarks, which can survive current experimental, cosmological, and astrophysical limits, and also leave various phenomenological and cosmological consequences, to be probed in the future. This is a new indication from QCD, which gives a new avenue to deeper understand QCD, and provides a new guideline to consider going beyond the SM.

  • Open Access

    New interpretation of the chiral phase transition: Violation of the trilemma in QCD

    by Chuan-Xin Cui, Jin-Yang Li, Shinya Matsuzaki, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Akio Tomiya

    We find that the chiral phase transition (chiral crossover) in QCD at a physical point is triggered by a big imbalance among three fundamental quantities essential for the QCD vacuum structure; susceptibility functions for the chiral symmetry, axial symmetry, and the topological charge. The balance, dobbed the QCD trilemma, is unavoidably violated when one of the magnitudes among them is highly dominated, or suppressed. Based on a three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we explicitly evaluate the amount of violation of the QCD trilemma at a physical point, and show that the violation takes place not only at vacuum, but even in a whole temperature regime including the chiral-crossover epoch. This work confirms and extends the suggestion recently reported from lattice QCD with two flavors on the dominance of the axial and topological susceptibilities left in the chiral susceptibility at high temperatures. It turns out that the imbalance is essentially due to the flavor symmetry violation of the lightest three flavors, and the flavor breaking specifically brings enhancement of the axial anomaly contribution in the chiral-order parameter, while the strength of the axial breaking and the transition rate of the topological charge are fairly insensitive to the flavor symmetry. The violation of the QCD trilemma and its flavor dependence can be tested by lattice simulations with 2+1 flavors in the future, and would also give a new guiding principle to explore the flavor dependence of the chiral phase transition, such as the Columbia plot, including a possible extension with external fields.


  • Open Access

    New interpretation of chiral phase transition: Violation of trilemma in QCD

    by Chuan-Xin Cui, Jin-Yang Li, Shinya Matsuzaki, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Akio Tomiya

    We find that the chiral phase transition (chiral crossover) in QCD at physical point is triggered by big imbalance among three fundamental quantities essential for the QCD vacuum structure: susceptibility functions for the chiral symmetry, axial symmetry, and the topological charge. The balance, dobbed the QCD trilemma, is unavoidably violated when one of the magnitudes among them is highly dominated, or suppressed. Based on a three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we explicitly evaluate the amount of violation of the QCD trilemma at physical point, and show that the violation takes place not only at vacuum, but even in a whole temperature regime including the chiral crossover epoch. This work confirms and extends the suggestion recently reported from lattice QCD with 2 flavors on dominance of the axial and topological susceptibilities left in the chiral susceptibility at high temperatures. It turns out that the imbalance is essentially due to the flavor symmetry violation of the lightest three flavors, and the flavor breaking specifically brings enhancement of the axial anomaly contribution in the chiral order parameter, while the the strength of the axial breaking and the transition rate of the topological charge are fairly insensitive to the flavor symmetry. The violation of QCD trilemma and its flavor dependence can be tested by lattice simulations with 2 + 1 flavors in the future, and would also give a new guiding principle to explore the flavor dependence of the chiral phase transition, such as the Columbia plot, including possible extension with external fields.

  • Open Access

    Probing an intrinsically flavorful ALP via tau-lepton flavor physics

    by Chuan-Xin Cui, Hiroyuki Ishida, Shinya Matsuzaki, Yoshihiro Shigekami

    Any axionlike particle (ALP) intrinsically possesses flavorful couplings to the standard model (SM) fermions arising as a consequence of the right-handed flavor rotation within the SM. In this paper we discuss this intrinsically flavored ALP, and explore the correlation of a minimal set of the couplings in a view of coherence in flavor physics observables. We focus particularly on the tau-lepton flavor violation (LFV). The ALP is assumed to be tau-philic on a current-eigenstate basis, a la Pecci-Quinn, and is allowed to couple also to muon and electron only in a right-handed specific manner. Several LFV processes are generated including radiative tau decays and also anomalous magnetic moments of electron and muon. We first pay attention to two separated limits: electron scenario with the ALP coupled to tau which mixes only with right-handed electron, and muon scenario as the muonic counterpart of the electron scenario. It turns out that those scenarios are highly constrained by existing experimental limits from the LFV processes and (g−2)s, to require a mu or electron-tau flipped feature in the mass eigenbasis when coupled to the ALP. We then examine a hybrid scenario combining the two separated scenarios, and find a fully viable parameter space on the ALP mass-photon coupling plane, which limits the ALP mass to be around (1.7–10) GeV and the ALP decay constant fa to be (12.8–67.9) GeV. Discrimination of the present ALP from other light LFV particles are also discussed. We find that the same-sign multilepton signal at Belle II is a smoking-gun to probe the present ALP signal, and the polarization asymmetry in LFV radiative τ decay is a punchline, which definitely predicts preference of the right-handed polarization, in sharp contrast to the prediction of the SM plus massive Dirac neutrinos having the highly left-handed preference, and also other light-new physics candidates with the same mass scale as the present ALP. Possible model-building to underlie the intrinsically-flavorful third-generation specific ALP is also briefly addressed.