Diah Mulyawati Utari

While the national prevalence of stunting in Indonesia has decreased, the level remains high in many districts/cities and there is significant variation. This ecological study employed aggregated data from the Basic Health Research Report and the District/City Poverty Data from 2018. We investigated the determinants of stunting prevalence at the district/city level, including autocorrelation applying the spatial autoregressive (SAR) model. The analyses revealed stunting prevalence above the national average in 282 districts/cities (54.9%), i.e. ≥30% in 297 districts/cities (57.8%) and ≥40% in 91 districts/cities (17.7%). Autocorrelation was found between Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi as well as Bali, East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara (Bali NTT NTB). The SAR modelling revealed the following variables with significant impact on the stunting prevalence in various parts of the country: closet defecation, hand washing, at least four antenatal care visits during pregnancy, poverty, immunisation and supplementary food for children under 5 years.

Background Indonesia has been increasing in health issues such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke and others. Healthy lifestyle of improving dietary habit with food consumption is considered effective to prevent these health issues. Soybean-based food is considered as food-alternative for plant-based protein and its ability to push down global warming rate. Objective This study aims to test the effect of Textured Soybean Protein (TSP) on level of Glycated Albumin (GA) and lipid profiles in prediabetes overweight postmenopausal women. Methods A parallel study design consisted of two groups: intervention group provided with TSP contains 30 grams protein and control group, with study duration of 21 days. Each group consists of 26 postmenopausal women with criteria of overweight with fasting blood sugar level of 120–200 mg/dL (prediabetes). The data was analyzed by unpaired and paired t-test. Results TSP has significant influence on the change of GA level (3.4% reduction, p < 0.05) and LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) (6.0% reduction, p < 0.05). TSP also improve the protein consumption of 18.1%. Conclusions The provision of TSP for 21 days could improve GA and LDL-C significantly. In longer term, TSP is expected to improve of lipid profiles, insulin resistance and controlling weight and BMI.