Jian-Chiun Liou

Paired stimulation of the brain and spinal cord can remodel the central nervous tissue circuitry in an animal model to induce motor neuroplasticity. The effects of simultaneous stimulation vary according to the extent and severity of spinal cord injury. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the significant effects on an incomplete SCI rat brain and spinal cord through 3 min and 20 min stimulations after 4 weeks of intervention. Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were classified into six groups: (1) normal, (2) sham, (3) iTBS/tsDCS, (4) iTBS/ts-iTBS, (5) rTMS/tsDCS, and (6) rTMS/ts-iTBS. Paired stimulation of the brain cortex and spinal cord thoracic (T10) level was applied simultaneously for 3–20 min. The motor evoked potential (MEP) and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores were recorded after every week of intervention for four weeks along with wheel training for 20 min. Three-minute stimulation with the iTBS/tsDCS intervention induced a significant (p < 0.050 *) increase in MEP after week 2 and week 4 treatments, while 3 min iTBS/ts-iTBS significantly improved MEP (p < 0.050 *) only after the week 3 intervention. The 20 min rTMS/ts-iTBS intervention showed a significant change only in post_5 min after week 4. The BBB score also changed significantly in all groups except for the 20 min rTMS/tsDCS intervention. iTBS/tsDCS and rTMS/ts-iTBS interventions induce neuroplasticity in an incomplete SCI animal model by significantly changing electrophysiological (MEP) and locomotion (BBB) outcomes.

Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder. Before diagnosis, it is necessary to go to a sleep center and wear complicated devices for detection, and export Polysomnography according to various signals. Electroencephalogram is one of the methods used to monitor brain activity and diagnose sleep disorders. However, manual notation of sleep stages by a technician is a time-consuming task, and the reliability of interrater reliability is limited. In this study, the analysis of heart rate variability was used to observe the correlation between sleep stage and HRV through ECG signals. It aims to accurately predict sleep stages through electrocardiogram, and provide sleep detection for patients with sleep apnea at home.

ECG can observe the heart activity state of the human body, which has always been a very important parameter in physiological signals. By observing and comparing the correlation and difference with related physiological signals. It is hoped that the characteristics and particularities of these can be found, and the efficiency of judging pathological characteristics from them can be improved. In the future, it is also hoped that this will meet and improve clinical applications and needs.

The study of Investigation Physiological signal collection before and after symptom onset includes sorting and observing the collected data, and using software rendering to map the data to make the data easier to observe after visualization. The data that needs to be mapped include the monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac impedance (ICG), respiratory rate (RESP), blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) of the study case, and finally the interpretation of the data.

In this research, it is connected with the chinese medicine treatment, and the preliminary ideas are proposed, such as acupuncture and electrotherapy. By applying voltage to the skin tissues on both sides of the human meridian, the current value of the meridian circuit is detected to complete the interpretation of the human meridian information.

Intermittent theta burst (iTBS) powered by direct current stimulation (DCS) can safely be applied transcranially to induce neuroplasticity in the human and animal brain cortex. tDCS-iTBS is a special waveform that is used by very few studies, and its safety needs to be confirmed. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the safety of tDCS-iTBS in an animal model after brain stimulations for 1 h and 4 weeks. Thirty-one Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: (1) short-term stimulation for 1 h/session (sham, low, and high) and (2) long-term for 30 min, 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks (sham and high). The anodal stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mA/cm². The brain biomarkers and scalp tissues were assessed using ELISA and histological analysis (H&E staining) after stimulations. The caspase-3 activity, cortical myelin basic protein (MBP) expression, and cortical interleukin (IL-6) levels increased slightly in both groups compared to sham. The serum MBP, cortical neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and serum IL-6 slightly changed from sham after stimulations. There was no obvious edema or cell necrosis seen in cortical histology after the intervention. The short- and long-term stimulations did not induce significant adverse effects on brain and scalp tissues upon assessing biomarkers and conducting histological analysis.