Yang Wang

Depression and social anxiety are highly comorbid in young adults, posing significant harm. This study aimed to identify central and bridge symptoms of depression and social anxiety in medical students, providing insights for intervention strategies. This cross‐sectional study recruited 456 medical students. Depression symptoms were measured using the nine‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), while social anxiety was assessed using the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS). Network analysis was utilised to examine symptom‐level associations between depression and social anxiety. The study identified ‘anxious at parties’ and ‘nervous with authority figures’ as the most central symptoms, while ‘nervous in informal gatherings’ and ‘fatigue’ were the most bridge symptoms in the network of depression and social anxiety symptoms among medical students. These symptoms were crucial in the development of depression and social anxiety, indicating the target for interventions. The network analysis perspective suggests that the development of social anxiety in medical students is closely related to career development, while its comorbidity with depression is associated with social and emotional support. Distinct intervention strategies could target central and bridge symptoms to address social anxiety and its comorbidity with depression among medical students.

Background: In China, Shidu parents, who have experienced the pain of losing their only child, are more likely to suffer from mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation compared to other bereaved groups. Currently, the relationships between symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Shidu parents remain unclear, necessitating further research to elucidate these connections. Our study aims to estimate the network of depression and anxiety symptoms and identify the bridge symptoms between depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation based on network analysis.Methods: This study was conducted in five urban districts and one rural district in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. Data collection was conducted from March 2017 to February 2020. Network analysis was implemented by using the R packages qgraph and bootnet.Results: ‘Felt depressed’ and ‘felt sad’ were central symptoms of depression, while ‘feeling fainting and passing out’ and ‘afraid for no reason’ were central symptoms of anxiety. Two pairs of bridge symptoms and one overlapping symptom were found in the transdiagnostic network. In addition, one depressive symptom and one anxiety symptom were identified to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation.Conclusions: The current study is the first to conduct a network analysis of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Chinese Shidu parents. The association among disease symptoms were found, and the most central symptoms were identified. Results of the present study can provide some new intervention and treatment ideas for corresponding diseases, which lays a theoretical foundation for the future longitudinal research.

Shidu parents refer to the couple who have lost their only child and have not given birth or adopted another child in China. The number of Shidu parents is increasing annually. The aim of this research was to examine the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of social support between perceived stress and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) among Chinese Shidu parents. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 505 participants who completed a questionnaire including the Prolonged Grief Questionnair-3 (PG-13), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ). SPSS PROCESS macro was employed to examine the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of social support. The mediation analysis showed anxiety partially mediated the link between perceived stress and PGD, and the proportion of mediation of anxiety was 39.22%. The moderated mediation analysis revealed the second stage of mediating effects of anxiety on the link between perceived stress and PGD was moderated by social support. Specifically, compared with Shidu parents with higher social support, the association between anxiety and PGD was closer for those with lower social support. The moderated mediation model can broaden our understanding of how and when perceived stress, anxiety and social support work together to affect PGD. The interventions aimed at improving mental health of Chinese Shidu parents need to work on reducing stress and enhancing social support.

本工作通过聚合单体的理性设计和直接芳基化聚合策略, 实现了薁基聚合物主链中薁单元偶极取向排列方式的精准调控, 合成了三个基于2,6-薁和双噻吩酰亚胺的共轭聚合物P(AzBTPD-1)、P(AzBTPD-2)和P(AzBTPD-3), 其主链中薁单元偶极排列方式分别为无规、偶极相反和偶极高度一致. 通过紫外−可见吸收光谱和循环伏安法对聚合物的光谱和电化学性质进行研究. 基于三个聚合物的有机场效应晶体管(OFET)器件均表现出 n-型半导体特性, 其中薁单元偶极取向排列高度一致的聚合物P(AzBTPD-3)表现出最优的器件性能, 电子迁移率可达0.027 cm2 V−1 s−1. 本工作精准调控了2,6-薁共轭聚合物主链中薁单元偶极取向的排列方式, 为薁基聚合物的合成化学和结构-性能关系研究提供了新思路.

The literature has shown that mobile phone addiction is an important risk factor for depression. However, the internal mechanisms of mobile phone addiction leading to depression are still not clear. This study examined the mediating role of sleep quality and moderating role of peer relationships in the association between mobile phone addiction and depression. A sample of 450 Chinese medical students were recruited to complete measures of mobile phone addiction, depression, sleep quality and peer relationships. In this study, SPSS 25.0 and macro PROCESS were used to conduct statistical analysis on the collected data. The results showed that sleep quality partially mediated the association between mobile phone addiction and depression. Moreover, the effect of sleep quality on depression was moderated by peer relationships. The present study can advance our understanding of how and when mobile phone addiction leads to depression. Limitations and implications of this study are discussed.

Background: There are many one‐child families in China due to the one‐child policy. Parents who have lost their only child and are unable to conceive another child or unwilling to adopt a child are called Shidu parents in China. The death of an only child puts Shidu parents at the risk of mental illness and even suicide. Few studies have explored the influence of cultural beliefs and prolonged grief disorder on suicide ideation.Methods: This study involved rural Shidu parents from Sujiatun district of Shenyang, China. Questionnaires consisted of the Prolonged Grief questionnaire – 13 (PG‐13), the Culture‐related Grief Beliefs of Shidu Parents Questionnaire (CBSQ), one question from the baseline National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) to measure suicide ideation and demographic and bereavement‐related information. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associated factors of suicide ideation.Results: Sixty‐nine (28.8%) of the 240 Shidu parents reported having suicide ideation. Having chronic disease (OR = 5.509, p < 0.01), having religious belief (OR = 3.923, p < 0.05) and having a grandchild (OR = 2.552, p < 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of suicide ideation. Destiny belief (a subscale of CBSQ) was negatively associated with suicide ideation (OR = 0.818, p < 0.05). Prolonged grief disorder (OR = 9.280, p < 0.01) and perceived stigma (a subscale of CBSQ) (OR = 1.200, p < 0.05) was positively associated with suicide ideation after adjusting for controlling variables.Conclusions: Suicide ideation is prevalent in rural Shidu parents. Reducing perceived stigma and alleviating prolonged grief disorder may decrease the risk of suicide among rural Shidu parents.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between loneliness and anxiety, and the mediating role of mobile phone addiction in this relationship, and whether this mediating role was moderated by gender among Chinese medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on March and April 2021 in Shenyang city of China. In total, 595 medical students were surveyed to complete an online questionnaire including demographic variables, mobile phone usage information, loneliness, mobile phone addiction, and anxiety, and 553 samples were effective for the final analyses. SPSS macro PROCESS was performed to test the mediating effect of mobile phone addiction and the moderating effect of gender. Our findings showed that loneliness was positively associated with anxiety, and mobile phone addiction was a partial mediator in this relationship. In addition, gender was found to moderate the indirect effect of loneliness on anxiety through mobile phone addiction. The effect of mobile phone addiction on anxiety was greater for boys than girls. This study illustrated that students with a higher level of loneliness would be more likely to develop anxiety directly and indirectly. Educational professionals should pay special attention to medical students who felt lonely or addicted to mobile phones, particularly boys.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide and has attracted considerable attention. This study aims to investigate the sleep quality of the public during the normalization of COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control in China, as well as related factors that affect sleep quality. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was implemented from Feb 2^nd to Feb 9^th, 2021 in China. A total of 613 subjects from 27 provinces and 4 municipalities participated in this study. Questionnaire including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), COVID Stress Scale (CSS), COVID-19 Worry Scale and 14-item Resilience Scale (the RS-14) as well as demographic characteristics and pandemic-related information was used to measure sleep quality, stress, worries and resilience of Chinese population. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the associated factors of sleep quality.Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality among 613 participants was 41.1% (95%CI=37.2%-45%). Regression analysis indicated that chronic diseases, medical visits, occupation, and negative life events were factors affecting sleep quality. Stress and worries were positively associated with score of sleep quality, while resilience was negatively associated with score of sleep quality. Conclusions: During the normalization of COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control, Chinese public has poor sleep quality. Effective interventions should be taken to decrease people’s COVID-19 stress and worries. Resilience enhancement is also an important factor to be considered to improve people’s sleep quality.