Meghana N. Patel

Background: Tofacitinib (TFC) is a Janus kinase inhibitor approved by the FDA, for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Objective: The research aimed to develop, validate, and apply a simple, rugged, and environmentally sustainable reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method for the quantitative estimation of TFC in in-house developed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41 and MCM-48), intended for formulation-related analytical applications, while systematically evaluating environmental and analytical sustainability. Method: The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Inertsil® C18 column using an isocratic mobile phase of Milli-Q water–acetonitrile (65 + 35, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with photodiode array (PDA) detection at 287 nm and a total run time of 15 min. The validated approach was applied to formulation-based analytical studies. Environmental and analytical sustainability was evaluated using the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) and the Red-Green-Blue-12 (RGB-12) whiteness model. Results: The method exhibited excellent specificity without interference from formulation excipients and showed linearity over 1–24 µg/mL (r² = 0.9987). High accuracy (98–102%), precision 0.06–1.31% RSD, and sensitivity ( 0.28 µg/mL LOD and 0.848 µg/mL LOQ) in compliance with International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, enabled reliable estimation of TFC. The method demonstrated good ruggedness (0.012–1.33% RSD), indicating reliability under small deliberate changes. High AGREE and RGB-12 whiteness (0.79 and 87.0) values confirmed the enhanced sustainability and practical feasibility. Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method integrates reliable analytical performance with green and white chemistry principles, rendering it suitable for routine QC and formulation-oriented research involving mesoporous silica-based drug delivery systems. Highlights: A novel sustainable RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of TFC-loaded MCM-41 and MCM-48 MSNs. The method demonstrated excellent performance in accordance with ICH Q2 (R2) guidelines. It was successfully applied for drug content determination and in vitro diffusion studies. Sustainability assessment using AGREE and RGB-12 models confirmed favorable greenness and whiteness, with reduced analysis time and resource consumption compared to reported methods.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) represents a pressing global health issue, leading to heightened morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, the escalation of DR-TB cases underscores the urgent need for enhanced prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This review delves deep into the molecular and genetic origins of different types of DR-TB, highlighting recent breakthroughs in detection and diagnosis, including Rapid Diagnostic Tests like Xpert Ultra, Whole Genome Sequencing, and AI-based tools along with latest viewpoints on diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB utilizing newer and repurposed drug molecules. Special emphasis is given to the pivotal role of novel drugs and discusses updated treatment regimens endorsed by governing bodies, alongside innovative personalized drug-delivery systems such as nano-carriers, along with an analysis of relevant patents in this area. All the compiled information highlights the inherent challenges of current DR-TB treatments, discussing their complexity, potential side effects, and the socioeconomic strain they impose, particularly in under-resourced regions, emphasizing the cost-effective and accessible solutions. By offering insights, this review aims to serve as a compass for researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers, emphasizing the critical need for ongoing R&D to improve treatments and broaden access to crucial TB interventions. Graphical Abstract - The escalating burden of DR-TB represents a significant global health threat. - Effective strategies are needed for DR-TB's prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. - The review emphasizes DR-TB management with novel techniques and AI approaches. - It also focuses on relevant patents related to DR-TB management. - It underscores continuous research for effective DR-TB control challenges.

Jatyadi Taila (JT) is a well-known Ayurvedic wound healing product, comprising 16 different medicinally important plants including; Curcuma longa, Terminalia chebula, and Jasminum officinale. The proposed work discusses the development and validation of the green and economic stability-indicating HPTLC method for quantification of the key marker phytoconstituents; curcumin (CUR), gallic acid (GA), and ursolic acid (UA) from Jatyadi Taila (JT). Quality standard parameters for JT were determined following standard procedures. The marker constituents CUR, GA, and UA were resolved from JT using toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6: 2: 1, %v/v/v) as mobile phase and subsequently derivatized to estimate UA. The developed plates were subjected to HPTLC-MS analysis. All constituents were subjected to forced degradation to determine the proposed technique's stability-indicating property and the accelerated stability studies of marketed formulation and marker constituents. Greenness evaluation of the method was aided by the AGREE methodology. The R_f values of CUR, GA, and UA were found to be 0.60 and 0.60; 0.27 and 0.28; and 0.74 and 0.77 from reference standard and oil samples respectively, when analyzed at 366 nm, 290 nm, and 366 nm respectively. HPTLC-MS was carried out to verify the active constituents present in JT. The constituents followed first-order degradation kinetics. The quantity of CUR, GA, and UA in JT was reduced at the end of accelerated stability studies. The developed approach was validated in compliance with the ICH Q2 (R2) guideline. Amongst the chosen key markers, GA was highly unstable during forced degradation. JT should be stored at a controlled temperature using more protective packaging material to ensure its quality and efficacy. The developed method can be used as a quality control tool for JT as it can be used to determine the stability of the key marker compounds the herbal formulation.

Curcumin is a lipophilic polyphenolic yellow compound extracted from Curcuma longa Linn. (turmeric) rhizome with a broad spectrum of pharmacological and medicinal properties as propounded by several in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies. Considerable research over the past century has been extensively carried out on chemical, biological, and analytical perspectives of curcumin. Nowadays, curcumin is widely used in food and pharmaceutical formulations due to its excellent health benefits. Therefore, characterization and quantification of curcuminoids in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals are required to measure their quality control parameters to address issues related to processing and storage. This review article specifies the current exploration of analytical methodologies used to extract and quantify curcuminoids in different matrices. Moreover, this review offers phytochemistry, synthetic and biosynthetic pathways, extraction methodologies, degradation and metabolism pathways, and health benefits of the curcumin scurrying from the kitchen shelf toward the clinic.