Wei Wu

Eutectic electrolytes are attractive for zinc‐based energy storage owing to their green chemistry attributes and intrinsic stability; however, their practical deployment is limited by severe polarization stemming from sluggish ion transport and strong solvation. Here, we propose a ternary water‐deficient eutectic electrolyte without water solvent whose polarization approaches that of aqueous systems by engineering a weakly coordinated solvent network via solvation‐structure restructuring. A strongly coordinated solvent network enables salt dissolution, whereas the introduction of a weakly coordinating co‐solvent disrupts the constrained coordination environment and drives a transition to a dynamic, weakly coordinated solvation structure. This restructuring enhances anion participation while suppressing ion bridging, yielding abundant yet size‐confined aggregates, thereby accelerating ion‐transport kinetics and lowering desolvation barriers. Furthermore, the formation of a robust solid‐electrolyte interphase effectively stabilizes the Zn anode. As a result, the ternary water‐deficient electrolyte enables highly reversible Zn plating/stripping with low polarization under ambient conditions, while also delivering excellent low‐temperature performance. Enhanced kinetics in Zn||PANI cells and consistent performance across both coin cells and printed energy devices highlight the strong potential of this water‐deficient eutectic electrolyte for scalable zinc‐ion energy storage.

Flexible temperature sensors are highly desirable for intelligent packaging/ logistics and temperature monitoring, where low‐cost fabrication, patternability, tunable sensing behavior, and substrate adaptability are required. However, most phase‐change‐based temperature sensing materials rely on a single transition temperature, which often results in sudden changes in resistance near the melting region, leading to a narrow operating range and limited tunability for diverse application scenarios. Herein, a programmable thermosensitive composite ink based on multi‐melting‐point acrylate copolymers is proposed. By screen printing the ink onto PET and cellulose paper substrates, resistive flexible temperature sensors with substrate‐dependent sensing behaviors are fabricated, and the influence of substrate structure on temperature response is clarified. By adjusting the composition of the copolymers, the sensing range and relative resistance variation can be effectively regulated. The resulting sensors exhibit a wide sensing range of 0°C–50°C, a temperature resolution of 0.1°C, and good cycling stability. Additionally, a paper‐based sensing array enables spatial temperature mapping on the packaging surfaces, while a PET‐based sensor serves as a visual LED temperature switch, demonstrating the potential of this programmable thermosensitive ink for flexible temperature monitoring, smart packaging labels, and threshold temperature alarms.

Mechanically coupled flexible electronics enable real‐time, conformal monitoring of diverse mechanical signals. However, their operation in dynamic and complex environments places stringent demands on surface and interfacial reliability. Insufficient interfacial functionalization, unstable contact, as well as mechanical and electrical mismatch have emerged as key factors limiting device durability, signal fidelity, and practical deployment. This review summarizes the fundamental surface and interfacial challenges in mechanically coupled flexible electronics from the perspective of surface and interfacial physics, including contact instability, interfacial failure, stress concentration, and environmental degradation. To address these challenges, various material systems designed to enhance surface and interfacial performance are systematically reviewed, focusing on surface chemical modification, interfacial chemical engineering, as well as processing‐ and manufacturing‐enabled physical reinforcement approaches. In addition to isolated chemical or physical methods, multiscale surface and interface architectures are further engineered through bioinspired interfaces, mechanical interlocking, adhesive interlayers, buffering layers, percolating interpenetrating networks, and homogeneous structural design. The resulting improvements in reliability and functional stability are illustrated through representative applications across multiple operating scenarios. Finally, current challenges and future directions are outlined in terms of standardization, environmental robustness, manufacturing repeatability, and large‐scale implementation.

The integration of photochromism (PC), time‐dependent phosphorescence color (TDPC), and persistent luminescence (PersL) into a singular inorganic material is highly desirable for advanced applications such as information encryption and UV monitoring. However, achieving such synergistic multimodal optical responses remains an outstanding challenge. Herein, a new optical material based on barium magnesium silicate (BMS) was constructed by co‐doping Eu and Fe/Co ions. This inorganic material system exhibits, for the first time, simultaneous reversible PC, TDPC, and PersL. Precise control of oxygen vacancies and trap distribution endows the materials with high color contrast, rapid response, and excellent reversibility. After 365 nm irradiation, tunable room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with evolving emission colors is observed, while green PersL emerges after 254 nm excitation. Mechanistic investigations reveal that these multimodal responses arise from synergistic electron capture and recombination processes between defect centers and Eu ions. The practical application of this material has been demonstrated through the development of printable inks suitable for flexible UV sensors, dynamic information encryption, and multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting. This study proposes a feasible approach for designing high‐performance inorganic photo‐responsive materials, bridging the gap in TDPC research for inorganic systems and paving the way for their use in intelligent optical security and sensing.

Driven by extensive research in materials design, manufacturing processes, and wearable applications, flexible electronics have emerged as a critical concern for next-generation electronic technologies. However, the demand for sustainable, integrated, and multi-functional flexible energy sources remains largely unmet. For wearable electronic devices, the development of flexible energy devices is crucial because they can seamlessly adapt to the dynamic deformation of the human body, ensuring wearing comfort while providing a continuous, stable, and reliable power source for the device. This review focuses on recent advancements in self-powered, flexible devices, which integrate flexible energy-harvesting devices with flexible supercapacitors to construct all-in-one, self-powered systems. First, the performance requirements of different types of flexible supercapacitors for flexible electronics are outlined. Subsequently, the development trend of building sustainable energy supply systems is discussed, where photovoltaic, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric devices are used as energy-harvesting units, paired with flexible supercapacitors as energy storage units. Moreover, self-powered electronics for health monitoring, motion detection, self-healing, and electrochromism applications are summarised. Finally, we provide an overview of the development opportunities and prospects for self-powered electronic devices, outlining their rapid growth in the field of wearable electronics.

This study developed a flexible, printable material for evaporative-driven power generation using waste bamboo sawdust via screen printing, which features simple fabrication, high charge density, eco-friendly properties, and high power density.

The growing demand for integrated temperature‐pressure sensing in human‐machine interaction and health monitoring makes smart textiles an ideal medium due to their comfort, breathability, and flexibility. However, a key challenge is finding a reliable method to integrate high‐performance dual‐mode sensors into textile substrates while ensuring effective signal decoupling. Herein, a flexible, ultrathin, and signal‐decoupled temperature‐pressure dual‐mode sensing electronic textile is proposed. The resistive temperature sensing unit utilizes a multi‐stage phase transition mechanism to achieve an ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance (up to 125.9%/°C) and a broad temperature sensing range (0°C–50°C). The capacitive pressure sensing unit exhibits high sensitivity (up to 62.3 kPa ⁻¹ ) and rapid pressure response and recovery times (30 ms/60 ms). By integrating machine learning algorithms, precise recognition of different objects being grasped is achieved. Furthermore, through the fabrication of a sensor array, spatial mapping of pressure and temperature distributions on a simulated body surface is successfully realized, offering a promising route toward developing versatile health‐monitoring platforms.

How to develop a unified manufacturing strategy that can achieve high‐speed and low‐cost production while ensuring the physical and electrical independence between functional components to build high‐performance flexible electrical systems remains a challenge. Herein, a fabrication method of screen printing is introduced to enable the preparation and interconnection of flexible zinc‐silver batteries and pressure sensors. The introduction of a mild electrolyte of ZnCl ₂ reduces the cathode dissolution, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of the battery system. Moreover, the hierarchical structure of the sensing layer introduced by screen printing, combined with interdigital electrodes (IDEs) printed on rough paper, forms a multi‐scale hierarchical pressure sensor. The contact resistance at different scales varied during compression, significantly enhancing the sensitivity of the printed pressure sensor (413.03 kPa ⁻¹ ). Furthermore, integrating the printed battery with the pressure sensor to assemble an integrated sensing‐energy system enables gesture monitoring and recognition. Leveraging the independent operation of the two devices, the scalability of screen printing, and its cost‐effectiveness, this approach could enable the next‐generation of wearable electronics, contributing to advanced and sustainable technological solutions.

Developing smart systems based on phosphorescent materials that can control the time‐dependent phosphorescent color (TDPC) in response to external stimuli holds promise for advancing information encryption, but significant challenges remain. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to construct smart phosphorescent polymer composites through immobilizing dual‐emission centers with distinct stimuli sensitivities within a soft‐rigid coupled hybrid matrix. The smart phosphorescent polymer composites show switchable phosphorescence between static phosphorescence and wavelength‐dependent dynamic TDPC, induced by multi‐stimuli (light, humidity, heat). The photoactivated phosphorescent composites transform from initial static monochromatic emission to dynamic multicolor TDPC through the synergistic effect of triplet oxygen depletion‐induced selective activation of the emission centers and the distinct decay rates of the dual‐emission centers. The evolution paths of TDPC also exhibit excitation‐dependence. Moreover, the photoactivated composites enable reversible switching between dynamic TDPC and monochromatic phosphorescence through water and thermal stimuli, due to the combined effects of water‐induced dissociation of the rigid hydrogen‐bonding network and differential quenching of the dual‐emission centers. The composites also exhibit recyclability and self‐healing capability. The processable smart phosphorescent polymer composites with good stability demonstrate outstanding potential in multi‐dimensional information encryption, opening up a new perspective for upgrading security technologies.