Shiuh-Jeng Wang

The menace of fake news has gained attention through the trend of the convenience of information-sharing in the cyber world. The information-sharing lifestyle has penetrated people's cyber routines. This study adopts a victimology perspective to explore the characteristics of the audience that is most likely to be influenced by fake news in social media through secondary data quantitative research. The results show that demographic characteristics, gender, and education level affect the likelihood of receiving fake news. When people use more social media platforms and have greater engagement, such as more sharing, reposting, and replying on social media platforms, there is a greater chance of receiving fake news.

This paper presents a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) technique based on pixel value ordering (PVO) and median preserving (MP) for improving image quality. In the proposed method, an adaptive block-wise embedding mechanism is applied. In PVO-based RDH, embedding data into a smooth block is always leading to a better image quality. For each block, the complexity is first calculated using surrounding blocks and then set a threshold in order to measure whether this block is a smooth or a complex block. The smooth blocks are embedded with secret data, and the complex blocks are skipped based on the threshold value. Therefore, this mechanism better exploits smooth blocks for data embedding, resulting in improved image quality. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a higher PSNR value than the previous approach.

This paper introduces a new RDHEI technique on encrypted images. In our proposed approach, the image is first divided into non-overlapping blocks. The maximum pixel value in each block is found and the difference with other pixels in the block is calculated. Next, the block is then divided into 8 types based on the size of the difference, and compression is applied accordingly. Additionally, the remaining uncompressed pixel in each block is collected for a second layer of compression. Through multiple layers of compression, more compression space is created. Finally, the proposed approach is extended to reversible information hiding in encrypted images. Experimental results demonstrate successful information embedding in encrypted images and increased embedding capacity.

Information hiding techniques are used to hide confidential data in digital carriers. It is difficult for malicious users to detect the existence of confidential data within the digital carriers. Audios, images, or videos can call be digital carriers. Information hiding includes steganography and watermarking. Watermarking is used for copyright protection. Steganography is used to protect confidential data transmission from malicious attackers. Imperceptibility and capacity are always the major concerns in steganography. In this paper, we propose an efficient steganography method for images using modulus operation and magic cube. The partial secret message bits are converted into decimals and then mapped to a predefined cube. The coordinates of the mapped position were embedded into the cover image using modulus operation. We obtain the stego-image quality better than 42 dB, while the payload is 3 bpp. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method has a higher capacity than previous works. Meanwhile, our method also maintain high imperceptibility. Furthermore, modulus operation can reduce the computational overhead of the proposed method.