Izabela Marszałek-Kotzur

Artificial intelligence is expanding rapidly, intensifying policy concerns that more vibrant AI ecosystems may displace workers and increase unemployment. This study aims to test whether national AI vibrancy is associated with higher unemployment across education groups (advanced, intermediate and basic). Using an unbalanced panel of 34–35 countries from 2017 to 2023, the analysis combines Stanford’s AI Vibrancy Score with World Bank indicators and estimates two-way fixed- and random-effects models, employing Box–Cox/log transformations and dependence-robust inference (including country/time clustering and Driscoll–Kraay standard errors). The results provide little support for the displacement hypothesis. For advanced-education unemployment, AI vibrancy is statistically insignificant in the two-way FE model. It remains insignificant under all robust corrections (ln(AI vibrancy): β = −0.099, country-clustered p = 0.494, time-clustered p = 0.544, Driscoll–Kraay p = 0.468). For basic-education unemployment, AI vibrancy is likewise insignificant in the two-way FE model (p = 0.782). It remains insignificant under country clustering (p = 0.830), time clustering (p = 0.813) and Driscoll–Kraay inference (p = 0.819). For intermediate-education unemployment, the AI coefficient remains insignificant under country clustering (p = 0.273), time clustering (p = 0.310), and Driscoll–Kraay corrections (p = 0.226), indicating no robust unemployment-increasing effect across education groups during the observed period.

Artificial intelligence is revolutionising industry, significantly improving work efficiency. However, the development of AI continues to generate new ethical challenges. An international legal framework has already been developed to ensure the ethical and safe development of AI. However, it seems that new threats and ethical dilemmas continue to arise as AI develops further. This study aims to explain some of the benefits and threats of using AI in industry and to encourage reflection on the need to intensify work in this area in view of the further development of AI. Several selected ways of using AI in industry are presented, such as the implementation of cobots, algorithmic management, employee monitoring, the implementation of sustainable development ideas, and the use of generative artificial intelligence. Some of the existing legal frameworks for the safety and ethics of artificial intelligence are also described. The work is theoretical in nature and is based on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject. The reflections presented reveal a lack of consideration of the dangers associated with the responsibility involved in entrusting machines with autonomy and decision-making.

Digital transformation has a significant impact on public life quality. The ability to use unlimited information resources and innovative digital services creates new ideas about a comfortable environment, self-realization, effective communication, etc. One of the key areas of digital transformation has been the introduction of digital technologies into healthcare, which is now common in developed countries. Digitalization has promoted digital medicine, the latest methods of diagnosis, disease treatment, and prevention. Econometric models are relevant tools for assessing the influence of digitalization on healthcare. They provide an opportunity to build empirical evidence that becomes a basis for developing evidence-based recommendations for the implementation of healthcare innovations. This paper checks how new digital determinants impact public health via econometric models. To build panel regression models, the study used statistical data from 2016-2022 for 31 European countries. The following healthcare indexes were selected: life expectancy, mortality, self-rated health by gender, age, and education. Some indicators were independent: Internet access, immunization, household expenditures on medical services, number of medical graduates, global innovation, etc. As a result of econometric analysis, three models were built: the fixed effect models for life expectancy, mortality, and self-rated health by gender, age, and education. The models proved to be adequate. The use of principal component analysis (PCA) reduced multicollinearity between variables by identifying the most significant components. All calculations were conducted using STATA software. The analysis demonstrated that digitalization has positive and negative impacts on public health, depending on the specifics of digital technology use and socioeconomic conditions. The study results confirmed the impact of economic digitalization is multifaceted. The statistical analysis of the input data showed a correlation between digitalization (Internet access, use of online resources, digital literacy) and public health indicators (life expectancy, mortality, self-rated health).

Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of some of the problems arising from the rapid development and elevation of the status of machines and the increasing disregard for human rights in the context of the use of advanced artificial intelligence. The considerations carried out lead to the conclusion that the pace of development of modern technologies, outstripping the human capacity to comprehend them, poses the danger of machines' actions escaping human control. Design/methodology/approach: The study is theoretical in nature and based on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject. The literature has been limited to some of the literature on artificial intelligence and related issues. Findings: The research shows that the pace of development of modern technologies is far ahead of human competence in their control and use. There is also a lack of sufficient reflection on the dangers of surrendering decision-making to machines, for example, or placing responsibility on them. Originality/value: The technological reality requires the development of new ethics, ethics adapted to the development of artificial intelligence, taking into account the increasingly complex ethical challenges. The article can serve as a starting point for a detailed study of the work of developing proposals for new ethics in this field. Keywords: humans, artificial intelligence, threats. Category of the paper: Conceptual paper.

The purpose of this article is to introduce some of the problems arising from the rapid development and raising the status of machines and the increasing disregard for human rights in the context of the use of cognitive technologies. Cognitive technologies are highly acclaimed and are being introduced into almost all aspects of life, especially in business. The article asks the question of whether the use of these technologies leads to a gradual humanization of machines while dehumanizing humans. The article is purely theoretical and based on a literature study of selected bibliographic items. On the basis of the analyzed texts an attempt was made to introduce the concept of artificial intelligence, cognitive technologies and algorithms. It also attempts to diagnose the state of work on the regulation of the legal situation related to the development of artificial intelligence and cognitive technologies, as well as the status of robots. The philosophical concept of dehumanization and its selected examples are also outlined. The discussion leads to the conclusion that the pace of development of cognitive technologies, overtaking the human ability to comprehend them, poses a threat of machines getting out of human control.

Konštantínove listy/Constantine’s Letters is an international scientific journal which has been published in Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra since 2008. The main goal of the journal is to present problems and themes intertwined with the cultural and political history of Great Moravia during the 9th century as well as continuity of Cyrillo-Methodian tradition in later times. Next, there is also space for other adjacent topics connected with Slavonic and Byzantine history, philology, philosophy, literature, cultural relations as well as medieval and early modern age ecclesiastical history and iconography.