Chih-Cheng Lin

A plethora of studies have demonstrated the bioactive properties of collagen peptides, including the promotion of wound healing and bone health. Research has demonstrated that these effects are attributable to their elevated biocompatibility and signaling capabilities. The present study investigated the effects of collagen peptides produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of perch scales on the induction of extracellular matrix formation and osteogenesis. The findings demonstrated that a combination of pre-heating and enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in the optimal peptide yield, with 94.9% of the peptides exhibiting a molecular weight below 1200 Daltons and containing elevated levels of hydroxyproline. The addition of perch scale collagen peptides to fibroblasts 890510-01F ATIT has been demonstrated to effectively induce the production of type I procollagen and fibronectin, a protein associated with the osteoblast phenotype and osteoblast differentiation. It is also worthy of note that experiments conducted using MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts indicate that collagen peptides significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity by a factor of 1.46. This study demonstrates that collagen peptides derived from perch scales are enriched in bioactive peptides containing C-terminal tyrosine residues, including DYPRNHY and DPYNRHY. These findings provide a scientific basis for the future development of perch scale-derived collagen peptides as dietary supplements or functional food ingredients for promoting bone health.

Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, the developed β-1,3;1,6-glucan rich polysaccharides have the potential to be used during the industrial production of health food products due to their inhibition of metabolic syndrome, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities and other health benefits. Ganoderma active polysaccharides (GAP) have also been found to promote skin health, particularly due to their antioxidant and anti-aging properties. The present study investigates the skin-protective properties of polysaccharides purified from Ganoderma mycelium cultivated using stress-tolerance technology and a fully plant-based medium. The effects of the GAP are investigated in both in vitro and human studies. The results of the study indicate that the developed GAP effectively inhibit 32.4% of tyrosinase activity and 30.6% of melanin production in B16F10 cells. Furthermore, in scratch assays using NIH 3T3 cells, these GAP also promote cell migration and wound healing. In human studies, GAP demonstrated no potential for skin irritation while effectively reducing skin wrinkles, enhancing skin brightness, diminishing erythema, and increasing epidermal hydration. In hot-flux patch-induced erythema experiments, these GAP were found to be capable of alleviating erythema severity by up to 48%. The present study demonstrates that GAP, which can be produced industrially using innovative technologies and is rich in highly water-soluble β-1,3;1,6-glucan with a triple-helix structure, holds potential for application in the skincare industry.

Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, the developed β-1,3;1,6-glucan rich polysaccharides have the potential for industrial production of health food products due to their inhibition of metabolic syndrome, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities and other health benefits. Ganoderma polysaccharides have also been found to promote skin health, particularly due to their antioxidant and anti-ageing properties. The present study investigates the skin-protective properties of polysaccharides purified from Ganoderma mycelium cultivated using stress-tolerance technology and a fully plant-based medium. The effects of the polysaccharides are investigated in both in vitro and human studies. The research results indicate that the developed Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides effectively inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16F10 cells; they also promote cell migration and wound closure in scratch assays within NIH 3T3 cells. In human studies, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides demonstrated no potential for skin irritation while effectively reducing skin wrinkles, enhancing skin brightness, diminishing erythema, and increasing epidermal hydration. In hot-flux patch-induced erythema experiments, these polysaccharides were found to be capable of alleviating erythema severity by up to 48%. The research conducted to date has demonstrated that industrially produced Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, produced using innovative technology, have the potential for application in skin-related industries.

Background: Extracted from mushrooms, β-glucan polysaccharides have attracted considerable attention from researchers and industry due to their hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities, tumor inhibition, and other health benefits. The development of a novel metabolic synthesis technique, a breakthrough in adversity management, allows for the mass production of active polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum . Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides produced using this technique and their products in inhibiting metabolic syndrome, as well as anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Results: The results demonstrated that the β-1,3;1,6-glucan content of the mycelia extract of Ganoderma lucidum produced by this technique was as high as 73.0%. Both original extracts and the sterilized treatment effectively inhibit the activities of amylase, lipase, and ACE metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, they were observed to significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, SW620 and HCT116, in vitro . The extracts were also demonstrated to be statistically significant in inhibiting the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in both a prophylactic and inflammatory model in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The powdered products made from the extracts with the addition of excipients did not lose their efficacy due to the reduction in the concentration of active polysaccharides, and these products retained their activity, especially in antitumor proliferative activity. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the developed Ganoderma lucidum mycelium extract has the potential for industrial production of health food products.

Wound healing incurs various challenges, making it an important topic in medicine. Short-chain peptides from fish protein hydrolysates possess wound healing properties that may represent a solution. In this study, perch hydrolysates were produced from perch side steams using a designed commercial complex enzyme via a proprietary pressure extraction technique. The average molecular weight of the perch peptides was 1289 kDa, and 62.60% of the peptides had a low molecular weight (≤1 kDa). Similarly to the beneficial amino acid sequence FPSIVGRP, FPSLVRGP accounted for 6.21% abundance may have a potential antihypertensive effect. The concentrations of collagen composition and branched-chain amino acids were 1183 and 1122 mg/100 g, respectively. In a fibroblast model, active perch peptides accelerated wound healing mainly by increasing the secretion of procollagen I, fibronectin, and hyaluronan. In an SD rat model established to mimic human wounds, orally administered perch hydrolysates with a molecular weight below 2.3 kDa accelerated wound healing, which mainly resulted from collagen-forming amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, and matrikine. Collectively, the residue of perch extract can be upcycled via a hydrolysis technique to produce not only bioactive sequences but also short-chain peptides. Considering the therapeutic potential to promote wound healing, such by-products are of great value and may be developed as dietary nutraceuticals.

Wound healing incurs various challenges, making it a paramount topic in medicine. Short chain peptides from fish protein hydrolysates pose wound healing properties that may bring a solution. In this study, perch hydrolysates were produced from perch side steams using a designed commercial complex enzyme via a proprietary pressure extraction technique. The average molecular weight of the perch peptides was 1,289 kDa, and 62.60% of the peptides had a low molecular weight (≤ 1 kDa). The beneficial amino acid sequence FPSLVRGP with antihypertensive effects accounted for 6.21% abundance. The concentrations of collagen composition and branched chain amino acids was 1183 and 1122 mg/100g, respectively. In fibroblast model, active perch peptides accelerated wound healing mainly by increasing the secretion of procollagen I, fibronectin, and hyaluronan. In SD rat model to mimic human wound, orally perch hydrolysates with a molecular weight below 2.3 kDa accelerating wound healing mainly resulted from collagen-forming amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, and matrikine-like peptides. Collectively, the residue of the perch extract can be upcycled via hydrolysis technique to produce not only bioactive sequences but also short chain peptides. Considering the therapeutic potential to promote wound healing, such by-products are of great value that may develop as dietary nutraceuticals.

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that using a new manufacturing technology to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-fortified oolong (GO) tea could relieve human stress and exert versatile physiological benefits. The purpose of this human study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of daily GO tea consumption on improvements in blood pressure, relaxation-related brain waves, and quality of life (QOL) over a period of 28 consecutive days. Total polyphenols, major catechins, and free amino acids were analyzed via an HPLC assay. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, α brain waves (index of relaxation), and the eight-item QOL score were investigated on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The chemical analysis results showed that GO tea contained the most abundant amino acids and GABA, contributing to the relaxation activity. Among all study participants, the daily consumption of GO tea could reduce systolic blood pressure on day 21 and diastolic blood pressure on day 28 (p < 0.05 for both). For participants with pre-hypertension, GO tea could effectively reduce heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure on day 28 (p < 0.05). At the end of the study, incremental changes in alpha brain waves and QOL scores were also demonstrated (p < 0.05 for both). This study suggests that GO tea might potentially serve as a natural source for alternative therapy to improve blood pressure, stress relief, and QOL.

Background:Fish protein supplementation may maintain muscle strength and prevent sarcopenia as it contains a complex array of macro- and micronutrients essential for building the skeletal muscle. Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of perch essence (PE) supplementation on muscle mass and muscle function of through human and cell model. Methods:The open label clinical trial was conducted to assess the therapeutic effect of PE on muscle mass improvement. The mouse skeletal muscle cell (C2C12) model of muscle atrophy was analyzed for cell viability. Results:Our results showed PE contained abundant branched chain amino acid, taurine, hydroxyproline and collagen. After one month of supplementation with PE in our human model, there was a significant increase in muscle mass in the whole body and all parts of the body, with an increase of 1.55 % in the whole body, 1.79% in the trunk, 1.64% in the arms and 1.38% in the legs. The percentage of subcutaneous fat in the trunk, arms and legs also decreased significantly by 2.49%, 3.21% and 3.40% respectively. PE supplementation also improves muscle grip strength, especially with the dominant hand. The cell model results demonstrated that PE could effectively prevent skeletal muscle cell from death induced by dexamethasone. Conclusion:This study suggests that the branched chain amino acids, taurine, hydroxyproline and collagen in PE have the potential to serve as a good source of dietary supplements for the improvement of skeletal muscle mass and strength through cell protection. Keywords:branched chain amino acid, collagen, perch, skeletal muscle, sarcopenia