Shawn M. Clark

Stoneflies are a relatively small order of insects comprising over 4,200 extant, described species. They have long been recognised as valuable indicators of water quality, since nymphs are dependent on clean water conditions and are sensitive to the effects of sedimentation and pollution. It is also well-documented that stonefly species around the world have suffered contractions in range, leading, in some cases, to local extirpation or extinction. West Virginia is home to high stonefly species richness relative to most other USA (United States of America) states. Despite this diversity, the available literature is scattered and occurrence datasets supported by voucher specimens are non-existent. Funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a consortium of northeastern USA states has provided an opportunity to document the stonefly fauna of West Virginia, especially for state and regional species of conservation interest, by gathering specimen-based occurrence data from museums, collecting new specimens statewide, and compiling trusted literature records into a single statewide dataset. Our hope is that the records presented in this data paper will further the understanding of stonefly species distribution in West Virginia and the eastern USA in general, and provide conservation agencies with usable temporal and locality data. These data will be used as the basis of an upcoming distribution atlas and annotated checklist of the stoneflies of West Virginia. Our dataset brings together over 4,500 stonefly records from all 55 counties in West Virginia. These records, spanning the previous 134 years, have been contributed by 17 institutions and personal collections. Through new collecting and the examination of museum specimens, we have been able to verify the presence of 150 species, with representatives from all nine eastern North American families. Fourteen species previously recorded from West Virginia, comprising seven Perlodidae, six Perlidae and one Chloroperlidae, have not been recovered. Most of these absences can be accounted for by changes in taxonomic nomenclature. In addition to 140 species already known from the state, we report the presence of 11 new state records, including four Perlidae, three Perlodidae, two Capniidae, one Leuctridae and one Nemouridae.

A new species, Chrysomila saintlucia Konstantinov, Clark, and Furth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticitae), is described from St. Lucia, West Indies. This is the first report of Chrysomila Savini, Escalona, and Furth in the West Indies. Leptophysa therminieri (Bryant) is diagnosed, illustrated, and compared to the type species of Leptophysa Baly. Systena Chevrolat is briefly mentioned

A total of 404 species in 312 genera, 69 families, and 11 orders of insects is documented from Rancho Las Playitas, Municipalities of Arizpe and Bacoachi, Sonora, Mexico. Distributions and locality records of noteworthy species are presented.

Pachyonychis paradoxus Clark, 1860 and Pachyonychus paradoxus Melsheimer, 1847 are two species of Alticini whose strikingly similar names have led to significant confusion in the past. Recent study of American Oedionychina Chapuis, 1875 raised doubts about the validity of the subtribal placement of Pachyonychis Clark. Although general characteristics put this genus in Oedionychina, other features, especially the unusual shape of the pronotum, suggested that this monotypic genus would belong in Monoplatina Chapuis, 1875 instead. To collect evidence for the validity of its current placement, we compared external and genitalic morphology of both species to other members of Monoplatina and Oedionychina. Here we present images and descriptions of female genitalia for both species and male genitalia of Pachyonychus paradoxus Melsheimer, to our knowledge the first of their kind, and we conclude that the evidence supports the current subtribal placement of these two genera. Lectotypes are designated for both Pachyonychis paradoxus Clark and Pachyonychus paradoxus Melsheimer.

West Indian genera of the flea beetle subtribe Oedionychina Chapuis, 1875 are reviewed. Two new genera and one new species are described: Argusonychis Konstantinov, Van Roie, & Furth gen. nov. with Argusonychis clarki Konstantinov, Van Roie & Furth sp. nov. as the type species (Bahamas); and Ciguapanychis Konstantinov, Van Roie & Furth gen. nov. with Alagoasa bicolor (Linnaeus, 1767) as the type species (Puerto Rico). An illustrated key to the genera found in the West Indies is provided. Each genus is illustrated with images of external and internal morphology, including thoracic structures, metendosternite, and female and male genitalia. Asphaera subfasciata Clark, 1860 is designated as the type species for Asphaera Duponchel & Chevrolat in d???Orbigny, 1842. The genus Ptena Chevrolat, 1836 is considered a long-overlooked senior synonym ofAsphaera; the use ofAsphaera is maintained. The lectotypes are designated for: Chrysomela albicollis Fabricius, 1787, Oedionychis crucipennis Suffrian, 1868, and Haltica decipiens Klug, 1829. Pleurasphaera Bechyn??, 1958 is recognized as an objective junior synonym ofLitosonycha Chevrolat, 1836 since these two generic names share the same type species, Haltica decipiens Klug, 1829. Oedionychis punctipennis Blake, 1971 is synonymized with Alagoasa sharpi (Jacoby, 1897). The following 17 new combinations are proposed: Alagoasa lunata (Fabricius, 1801), Alagoasa sharpi (Jacoby, 1897), Alagoasa smithi (Jacoby, 1897), Argusonychis megalopia (Blake, 1939), Argusonychis orientensis (Blake, 1959), Argusonychis zayasi (Blake, 1959), Asphaera amplilimbata (Blake, 1959), Asphaera cristalensis (Blake, 1959), Ciguapanychis bicolor (Linnaeus, 1767), Ciguapanychis dimidiatus (Olivier, 1808), Ciguapanychis fasciatus (Fabricius, 1798), Ciguapanychis jamaicensis (Jacoby, 1894), Ciguapanychis pseudofasciatus (Blake, 1940), Ciguapanychis viridipen-nis (Blake, 1971), Kuschelina pseudothoracica (Blake, 1945), Omophoita turquino (Zayas, 1988), and Walterianella gurneyi (Blake, 1968). The following three species are removed from synonymy and restored to species status as new combinations: Ciguapanychis cinctus (Olivier, 1808), Ciguapanychis lantanus (Blake, 1928), and Ciguapanychis purpurellus (Blake, 1940).

The genus OroetesJacoby, 1888 is reported from Mexico for the first time. Two new species are described and illustrated: Oroetes juchiltepensis Niño-Maldonado and Clark and Oroetes huastecus Niño-Maldonado and Clark, both from Mexico. A dichotomous key is provided to facilitate identification of the four known species of the genus.

PrathapaniusViswajyothi & Clark,gen. nov., is described and illustrated. The genus is placed in the chrysomelid section Diabroticites Chapuis (subtribe Diabroticina Chapuis, tribe Luperini Chapuis, subfamily Galerucinae Latreille). It is monobasic, containingPrathapanius fortisViswajyothi & Clark,sp. nov., from Ecuador. The new genus is briefly compared withAcalymmaBarber,IsotesWeise, andZischkaitaBechyné.

Carpiradialis Niño-Maldonado and Clark, new genus, is described from Mexico. Two new species are described and illustrated: Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado and Clark, new species, from the Mexican state of Puebla and Carpiradialis tamaulipensis Niño-Maldonado and Clark, new species, from the Mexican states of Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo Le′ on, Puebla, and Tamaulipas. The type species of the genus is designated as C. pueblensis. A diagnostic key is provided to aid with identification of the two species.

Spintherophyta punctum Gilbert and Clark, new species, is described from Santa Rosa Island, an island of the Channel Islands in California, USA. Adults have been associated with willow (Salix L., Salicaceae). Illustrations of the adult, including the aedeagus, are provided. A diagnostic key is provided to facilitate identification of species of Spintherophyta from the USA.

Apteroyinga andrewsi, gen. nov. & sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Costa Rica. The genus is placed in the section Coelomerites Chapuis, 1875 of the tribe Galerucini Latreille, 1802. The beetles are flightless.