Mehmet Emin Baynazoğlu

The alignment of the sustainability concepts with tourism development lies at the heart of sustainability as a principle. This chapter defines the key concepts in relation to tourism and then explores the implementation of digital technologies in the same field. Among the fundamental principles of sustainability are the reduction in consumption of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels and groundwater; the sustainable management of waste items such as plastic bottles, bags, single-use cutlery, food packaging, straws, and single-use hygiene products; and the preservation of the cultural identity of the local population in the destination area, the promotion of their traditions, and the support of the local economy. This chapter examines sustainability principles along with the continuous needs of stakeholders who contribute to or are expected to contribute to hospitality and tourism activities.

This article empirically examines the relationship between holiday recovery experience and life satisfaction, along with the mediating roles of optimism and job satisfaction after vacation. Data were collected from a sample of 361 white-collar workers in Istanbul. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal a positive relationship between holiday recovery experience and life satisfaction. In addition, holiday recovery experience was positively associated with both optimism and job satisfaction after vacation. Optimism and job satisfaction after vacation were found to partially mediate the relationship between holiday recovery experience and life satisfaction. The results offer practical implications for white-collar employees and business organisations. Understanding the importance of the holiday recovery experience and its influence on life satisfaction may help individuals plan more restorative and effective vacations. This study is the first in the literature to explore the mediating effects of optimism and job satisfaction after vacation in the relationship between holiday recovery experience and life satisfaction. It contributes to the growing body of research on the psychological and organisational benefits of recovery experiences for white-collar workers.

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of digital technologies on the promotion of tourist offer from the perspective of family businesses. The paper tries to provide a better understanding of the factors that determine the use of digital technologies in the family tourism business, both in the modern digital world and in times of uncertainty and crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approach: The survey method was used in the realization of the research. Data were collected using a stratified random sample of 86 tourism providers in Montenegro and analyzed by using SEM models, logistic regression and descriptive statistics.Findings: The results showed that the demographic characteristics of the respondents were the least important factors in the analysis; while factors that significantly affected the use of digital technologies in Montenegrin tourism included the nature of future tourism trends perceived by respondents, crisis and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, participants’ perceptions, attitudes and understanding of the specificities of digital technologies and benefits they offer to tourists, perceived from the perspective of the family business representative. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression revealed that pandemic had stronger consequences on micro and small enterprises, compared to those imposed on medium-sized firms. These impacts relate to changes in organization and redesign of workflows, altered communication from traditional to digital and increased importance of business innovations. On the other hand, the increased significance of integration of marketing channels for multiple target segments, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, was stronger pronounced in medium-sized businesses compared to micro and small ones.Originality/value: The results obtained may serve the holders of the tourist offer, managers and decision-makers when making decisions on the imposition of digital technologies in tourism, in order to secure global reach business, multi-channel tourist interaction, cost-saving and being ahead of competitors. This enables an integrated analysis that forms the basis for further creation of tourism and marketing policies at the individual and collective level to attract tourists and strengthen Montenegro’s competitiveness as a destination.

Pandemic, wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters and economic crises effects all industries around the world. Tourism is considered to be one of the most vulnerable industries among them. The challenge for tourism triples because of its fragility. In times of epidemic disease, people have to postpone all dispensable activities such as tourism. The COVID 19 is a pandemic which has a very high rate of morbidity and mortality. That's why, it is having a more severe and protracted effect on tourism investments than former disasters or economic crises. Projections indicate that COVID 19 will bring most economies into recession, primarily due to declining tourism, from which the effects are transferred to all sectors. There should be a concept change after covid 19 for the existing tourism investments operating worldwide. In this process, as the understanding of investment based on health and hygiene became prominent, investment costs started to increase.

Dünyadaki paradigma değişimiyle adından daha çok söz edilmesine neden olan girişimciliğin; istihdama, yatırıma, ödemeler dengesine ve ülkelerin kalkınmasına katkı sağladığı bilinmektedir. Bu sebeple “girişimcilik” konusunun dünyanın diğer ülkelerinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de ön lisans, lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora programlarının ders müfredatlarında yer almaya başladığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi Meslek Yüksekokulunda girişimcilik dersi alan öğrencilerin, kariyer yönelimleri ve bu yönelimlerinde girişimcilik seçeneğinin payını tespit etmek amacıyla, bir soru formu uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. 98 öğrenciden elde edilen geçerli veriler, nicel ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin birlikte kullanımı ile analiz edilerek bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre, tüm öğrencilerin %39,80’inin kariyer yönelimi tercihleri özel sektör olurken, girişimcilik kariyeri tercihinde bulunanların oranı ise %26,53 dür. Girişimcilik kariyerine yönelmek isteyen öğrencilerin %27’sinin kadın, %73’ünün ise erkek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadın öğrencilerin en çok özel sektör kariyeri tercihinde bulundukları, erkek öğrencilerin ise en çok girişimcilik kariyeri tercihinde bulundukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca kariyer yönelimi tercihlerinde bölümler arasında da farklılıklar olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Girişimcilik, Girişimcilik eğilimleri, Meslek Yüksekokulu, EğitimJEL Sınıflandırması: I23, I29, L26