Zi-Yan Liu

Resveratrol is a plant-derived stilbene polyphenol that has attracted interest as a potential dietary additive for improving edible fish muscle quality. This review summarizes current evidence on pre-harvest dietary resveratrol supplementation and its possible effects on nutritional composition, flavor-related biochemical traits, and physicochemical quality of fish muscle or fillets. We distinguish nutritional quality, including proximate composition, amino-acid profiles, and fatty-acid composition, from flavor-related and sensory-relevant proxies, such as free amino acids, inosine monophosphate, volatile precursors, color, pH, water-holding capacity, and texture. Direct evidence from edible fish muscle remains limited and fragmented, and most available studies rely on biochemical or instrumental endpoints rather than trained-panel sensory evaluation or consumer acceptance testing. Reported effects suggest species- and dose-dependent changes in muscle protein deposition, amino-acid accumulation, fatty-acid composition, pH, cooking or drip loss, and texture-related traits. Putative mechanisms may involve antioxidant protection, muscle fiber remodeling, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic-reticulum stress, and delivery-dependent bioavailability; however, many mechanistic links are still inferred from hepatic tissues, mammalian models, or in vitro systems. Future studies should combine standardized dose–response feeding trials with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based volatile profiling, lipid and protein oxidation indices, instrumental texture analysis, sensory evaluation, and shelf-life testing before resveratrol can be recommended as a robust feed-based strategy for improving edible fish muscle quality.

Riboflavin is an essential water-soluble vitamin that serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of the flavin cofactors FMN and FAD, which play pivotal roles in numerous redox and energy metabolism reactions. With the growing global demand for sustainable vitamin production, microbial fermentation has become an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis due to its environmental and economic advantages. Among microbial hosts, Bacillus subtilis has emerged as a leading cell factory for riboflavin production owing to its GRAS status, well-characterized genetics, and efficient protein secretion system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in metabolic engineering strategies to enhance riboflavin biosynthesis in B. subtilis. Key topics include strengthening biosynthetic and precursor pathways, relieving feedback inhibition, balancing metabolic flux and cell growth, employing adaptive laboratory evolution, and utilizing omics-guided optimization and ¹³C metabolic flux analysis. Moreover, the integration of synthetic biology tools such as riboswitch engineering, regulatory element design, and high-throughput screening has significantly accelerated strain improvement. Despite remarkable progress, challenges remain in achieving precise regulatory control, optimizing multi-gene expression, and enhancing genome integration efficiency. Future research combining multi-omics data, synthetic regulatory design, and machine learning-driven predictive modeling is expected to further advance the development of intelligent B. subtilis cell factories. However, the practical implementation of these systems remains constrained by the metabolic burden of overproduction and the lack of universal regulatory models that can predict strain performance across varying industrial scales.

The Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a valuable carnivorous species that is traditionally farmed alongside chilled fish. This practice often degrades water quality and threatens sustainability. In this study, pond environments under two feeding regimes, including chilled fish (CF) and formulated diet (FD), were compared through water quality assessment and high-throughput sequencing of both bacterial and microeukaryotic communities. The FD group exhibited significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, phosphate, and salinity, alongside distinct microbial assemblages. Bacterial communities in FD ponds were enriched with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, whereas CF ponds contained higher abundances of Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria. Microeukaryotic communities shifted toward Cryptomonas dominance in FD ponds, while CF supported more chlorophyte- and ciliate-associated taxa. Network analysis further revealed that FD promoted more integrated and resilient microeukaryotic interactions. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that formulated diets were conducive to keep water quality and restructure microbial communities, highlighting their potential as a sustainable feeding strategy to enhance ecological stability and reduce disease risk in aquaculture ponds.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a versatile and innovative class of biomolecules with unique mechanisms of action, including membrane disruption, immunomodulation, and multi-target synergy, positioning them as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics in combating drug-resistant pathogens. Their broad-spectrum activity and low resistance development have enabled transformative applications across medicine, agriculture, and food industries. In healthcare, AMPs show potential in treating multidrug-resistant infections and eradicating biofilms, while their role as natural preservatives extends food shelf life by targeting spoilage microorganisms. Agricultural advancements include transgenic crops expressing AMPs for disease resistance and livestock feed additives enhancing immune responses. Emerging technologies such as AI-driven peptide design, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, and CRISPR-engineered production platforms are addressing challenges in stability, scalability, and targeted action. Despite these strides, hurdles remain in large-scale synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and clinical translation. Collaborative efforts integrating computational biology, material science, and regulatory frameworks will be pivotal in harnessing AMPs’ full potential, offering sustainable solutions to global health crises, food security challenges, and antimicrobial resistance in the post-antibiotic era.