Guodong Lü

In sheep, the infectious disease brucellosis is caused by Brucella melitensis . Traditional serological techniques for detecting Brucella in sheep are slow and not very accurate, necessitating a faster and more precise screening method. This study seeks to assess the potential for diagnosing brucellosis seropositive sheep through the application of serum fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with principal component analysis‐linear discriminant analysis (PCA‐LDA), support vector machine with linear (SVM‐linear), support vector machine with radial basis function (SVM‐RBF), k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), and decision tree (DT) algorithms. The study revealed differences at 470, 515, 560, 670, and 710 nm through the analysis of serum fluorescence spectra from sheep with and without brucellosis. Among them, the diagnostic effect of the PCA‐LDA algorithm is the best (accuracy 91.0% ± 6.1%). In summary, the combination of serum fluorescence spectroscopy and the PCA‐LDA algorithm holds considerable potential for detecting brucellosis seropositive sheep.

Introduction: The ability of Echinococcus multilocularis (E.m) to establish infection depends on evading host immune clearance during the early stages. This study investigated the mechanisms by which host macrophages eliminate E.m during this critical window. Methods: We utilized a mouse infection model with fluorescently labeled protoscoleces to observe early immune dynamics in vivo . Histopathological analysis was performed to characterize lesion phenotypes. The mechanism of parasite killing was further explored using in vitro co-culture experiments and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Rapid immune cell infiltration and parasite clearance in the liver were observed within 24 hours post-infection. Histopathological analysis revealed two distinct lesion phenotypes: "Progressive Lesions," characterized by a failure of macrophage infiltration and parasite transformation into vesicles, and "Regressive Lesions," marked by high macrophage density and complete parasite elimination. In vitro experiments demonstrated that macrophages mediated protoscolex killing through complement-dependent trogocytosis, a process requiring active serum components. SEM confirmed direct macrophage-parasite contact and trogocytosis as the primary mode of elimination. Discussion: These findings highlight the pivotal role of macrophage trogocytosis in early host defense against E.m infection and provide new insights into the mechanisms of innate immunity in parasitic clearance.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is often treated with albendazole (ABZ). Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has high sensitivity and specificity, as well as low sample consumption, but its ability to identify changes in serum compounds post‐ABZ treatment is unclear. This study used SERS to characterize the Raman profiles of serum from 7 normal, 9 CE‐model, and 10 ABZ‐treated mice, analyzing profile differences. Tentative peak assignments revealed ABZ‐induced biomolecular changes in protein structure (1000 cm ⁻¹ ), uric acid (1130 cm ⁻¹ ), amide III (1203 cm ⁻¹ ), phospholipids, and amide I (1656 cm ⁻¹ ). The top 10 principal components (PCs) accounted for 90% of the variance (PC1: 48.9%). Principal components analysis (PCA) loadings suggested these substances as markers of ABZ treatment. The results show that SERS combined with PCA is a rapid and effective method to observe serum changes in Echinococcus granulosus ‐infected subjects.