Qing Tang

For the prompt planting of subsequent crops, most of China’s corn harvest must occur before full maturity, with a grain moisture content above 25%. Harvesting moist corn presents challenges due to significant grain damage during threshing. We conducted a high-speed photography observation test of moist corn threshing. It demonstrated that corn ears, when passing through the threshing cylinder, often break into pieces. Grains on divided corncobs can be threshed more easily and earlier than those on undivided ones, suggesting that pre-dividing corn ears reduces grain damage. An experiment using the Lianchuang 825 variety examined the effect of moisture content and the divided rate of corncobs (DRC) on grain damage. The results showed that as moisture content increased from 25% to 37%, grain damage to undivided ears increased from 3.75% to 37.71%. Dividing corn ears before threshing significantly reduced damage, with an eight-piece division reducing damage by approximately 70% across all moisture levels. Verification with the Jinyu 1233 variety confirmed that a higher DRC consistently reduced damage. This study provides a new approach to reducing damage in moist corn threshing and aids in the development of low-damage threshing devices.

Rapeseed blanket seedling transplanters have developed rapidly due to their high efficiency and adaptability to the soil in many areas of China. However, during the transplanter’s longitudinal seedling conveying process, seedling blanket compression leads to inaccurate conveying and thus declined seedling picking performance. In this paper, a mechanical compression test was carried out on rapeseed seedling blankets. The longitudinal compression force of the rapeseed seedling blanket on a transplanter was calculated through mechanical analysis. A compression model of the rapeseed seedling blanket was established to determine how the blanket’s mechanical characteristics and the device’s structural parameters affect blanket compression. In addition, with the index of longitudinal compression Y₁, the coefficient of variation in the longitudinal seedling conveying distance Y₂, and the qualified-block-cutting rate Y₃, the interactive influence between the seedling tray tilt angle A, the seedling blanket moisture content B, and the seedling blanket thickness C were analyzed using response surface analysis. Aiming to reduce blanket compression and enhance the accuracy of longitudinal seedling conveying and block-cutting quality, the optimized results show that the predicted optimal parameters were a 50.14° seedling tray tilt angle, a 71.86% seedling blanket moisture content, and a 22.13 mm seedling blanket thickness. Using these optimized parameters, the transplanter achieved a blanket longitudinal compression of 18.17 mm, a coefficient of variation in the longitudinal seedling conveying distance of 1.142, and a qualified-block-cutting rate of 90%. Subsequently, a validation test was performed, revealing a high degree of conformity between the optimization model and the experimental data. Thus, the predicted optimal parameters can provide significantly reduced compression and a high seedling conveying performance. The results of this study provide theoretical and empirical support for the optimized design and operation of mechanized rapeseed blanket seedling transplanting.

To address the lack of available information on the soil physical conditions suitable for rapeseed blanket-shaped seedling transplanting, as well as the lack of protocols for the optimisation of soil tillage components in the utilisation of an integrated rapeseed blanket seedling combined transplanter, the physical parameters of different soil conditions and their impact on the growth of rapeseed after transplanting were investigated in this study. The aim was to determine the suitable soil physical parameters for rapeseed blanket-shaped seedling transplanting. First, the changes in soil firmness, soil bulk density, and soil moisture content during the installation of the rapeseed blanket seedling combined transplanter were tested and analysed, providing preliminary data for subsequent research. Using the variables of soil firmness and soil moisture content in the micro-environment around the roots and stems (30–50 mm) after rapeseed seedling transplantation and indicators such as the survival rate, root diameter, seedling height, and dry weight, an experiment on the growth of rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings was conducted based on the furrow cutting transplanting principle. The results indicated that during the initial stage of rapeseed transplanting, the soil moisture content significantly influenced the vitality of the rapeseed plants. Under a high soil moisture content, the typically lengthy seedling period was shortened, and the effect on vitality was good, with minimal influence from the soil firmness. After seedling establishment, the rapeseed growth was significantly affected by the soil firmness. When the soil moisture content was less than 20%, increasing the soil firmness to 500 kPa was beneficial for moisture retention and rapeseed seedling growth. At a soil moisture content ranging from 20 to 25%, a soil firmness of 400 kPa was most suitable for both rapeseed vitality and late-stage growth. When the soil moisture content exceeded 25%, reducing the soil firmness to 300 kPa was beneficial for rapeseed growth, as an excessively high moisture content may lead to soil compaction, affecting seedling development. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of soil tillage components in the application of an integrated rapeseed blanket seedling combined transplanter and for the high-yield management of rapeseed after transplanting.

As one of the core working parts of a combine harvester, the cleaning device directly affects the operation performance of the whole machine. This is especially the case on hilly and gently sloping terrain, which, due to the uneven ground, causes the combine harvester body to incline and material to accumulates on one side, resulting in a high cleaning loss rate. To solve this problem, a self-leveling cleaning screen device and a control system based on a fuzzy PID control algorithm are developed for a caterpillar harvester, enabling it to operate on gentle slopes of 10°. To verify the performance of the fuzzy PID algorithm applied to this system, simulation tests, response tests, comparison tests, and field tests were carried out. The indoor test results show that the system has a good tracking effect when the inclination amplitude does not exceed 10°. The maximum leveling error is −0.62°, the maximum leveling time is 1.85 s, and the maximum overshoot is 1.5°. The field test results show that when the tilt angle of the harvester body is within 10°, the system can stabilize the real-time leveling of the cleaning screen. Even with an increase in the tilt angle of the harvester, the cleaning loss of the harvester installed with the automatic leveling system can still be maintained at a low level. The cleaning loss rate of the harvester is 1.2% higher after leveling than during flat operation, which meets the accuracy requirements of the system design. Therefore, this system can be applied to grain combine harvesters and effectively reduce the cleaning loss caused by their operation.

In order to satisfy the soil preparation requirements of a rapeseed combined transplanter in the middle-lower Yangtze River region in China where rice–rapeseed rotation cropping system was performed, a seedbed preparation machine composed of a rotary tillage device, ditch cleaning shovel, and soil leveling auger was designed to realize the function of rotary tillage, stubble ploughing, ditching, and soil leveling. The seedbed preparation machine was designed as the two parts of the middle section and the left–right symmetrical section to realize the need for middle ditching. Based on the principle of active scraping and anti-blocking, the curves of the soil contact section, soil throwing section, and transition section of the ditch cleaning shovel were analyzed. The structure parameters of the soil leveling auger with end reversal structure were designed. In order to further improve the working performance of the seedbed preparation machine, the response surface tests were designed, selecting the forward speed(X₁), the rotation speed of rotary tillage blade roller(X₂), and the rotation speed of soil leveling auger(X₃) as the main influencing factors, taking the soil breaking rate and the straw coverage rate and the soil flatness as the test indexes. The optimal parameter combination was obtained as a forward speed of 0.94 m/s, rotation speed of rotary blade roller of 268 rpm, and rotation speed of soil leveling auger of 204 rpm. Under the optimal parameters combination, the soil breaking rate, straw coverage rate, and soil flatness were 92.06%, 93.01%, and 8.35 mm respectively, which satisfied the agronomic requirements of rapeseed blanket seedling transplanting. This study can provide a reference for the design of a seedbed preparation machine of a rapeseed combined transplanter.