Kurtuluş Parlak

Objectives: The increasing use of CT in feline medicine necessitates the optimization of radiation protocols to adhere to the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of patient positioning (dorsoventral (DV) vs ventrodorsal (VD)) on radiation doses absorbed by the ocular lenses and thyroid gland during feline cranial CT. Methods: A total of 70 cats were divided into two equal groups (DV: n = 35, VD: n = 35). Radiation doses were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) placed at the anatomical projections of the target organs. Results: Although no statistically significant difference was observed in ocular lens doses between the groups ( P >0.05), VD positioning resulted in a 24.4% reduction in mean radiation dose absorbed by the thyroid gland compared with the DV position (1.33 ± 0.17 mGy vs 1.76 ± 0.35 mGy, respectively; P = 4.97 ×10 ^–9 ). This reduction is attributed to the “natural shielding” effect provided by the dorsal axial skeleton and epaxial muscles in the VD position. Conclusions and relevance: VD positioning offers a significant dosimetric advantage for protecting the thyroid gland without requiring additional equipment or compromising diagnostic quality. Adopting the VD position as a routine standard in feline cranial CT is recommended to minimize radiation exposure to the thyroid gland.

Trauma-induced shock is a frequent and life-threatening complication in feline patients. Early detection of tissue hypoperfusion is fundamental for improving clinical outcomes; however, due to species-specific physiological responses in cats, conventional markers like the shock index often fail to accurately reflect shock severity. This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the shock index for predicting mortality in traumatized cats and to analyze the relationship between clinical outcome and whole-blood lactate concentrations, the rectal–interdigital temperature gradient (RISG), and the Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score. Fifty cats presenting with acute trauma were evaluated upon admission and at subsequent time points. Clinical shock was strictly defined by the presence of at least three markers of poor perfusion, including altered mentation, abnormal heart rate, poor peripheral pulses, and hypotension. Data were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariable logistic regression. The Shock Index did not significantly distinguish survivors from nonsurvivors at any time point and showed no significant prognostic performance in ROC analysis (p > 0.05). Whole-blood lactate concentration showed modest prognostic discrimination (AUC = 0.678; 95% CI: 0.508–0.848; p = 0.041), with an optimal cut-off value of ≥4.46 mmol/L. However, the wide confidence interval and its lower limit close to 0.5 indicate considerable uncertainty, and this finding should be considered preliminary. The rectal–interdigital temperature gradient showed the highest prognostic performance (AUC = 0.804; 95% CI: 0.677–0.931; p < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off value of p = 0.002) and whole-blood lactate concentration (OR = 0.567; 95% CI: 0.374–0.859; p = 0.007) were independently associated with in-hospital survival. These findings suggest that RISG may provide useful prognostic information, whereas whole-blood lactate concentration may offer complementary but preliminary prognostic information and should be interpreted cautiously. The Shock Index showed limited value for predicting in-hospital outcome in traumatized cats.

Bu bölüm, evcil ve yabani hayvanlarda cerrahi hastalıkların teşhisinde temel teşkil eden fiziksel muayene yöntemlerini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Klinik yaklaşım; anamnez, eşkal ve habitus değerlendirmesiyle başlayarak inspeksiyon, palpasyon, perküsyon ve oskültasyon gibi temel muayene basamaklarını klinik örneklerle detaylandırmaktadır. Ayrıca kokunun değerlendirilmesi, ölçme ve sondalama gibi yardımcı tanı yöntemlerinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Ek olarak veteriner hekimin normal ve patolojik bulguları ayırt edebilmesi için gerekli olan sistematik bakış açısını, farklı hayvan türlerine özgü (at, sığır, kedi, köpek vb.) vaka örnekleri ve klinik fenomenlerle (Schiff-Sherrington, krepitasyon, ping sesi) harmanlayarak sunmaktadır. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental physical examination methods that constitute the cornerstone of diagnosing surgical diseases in both domestic and wild animals. The clinical approach is detailed through systematic stages, beginning with the evaluation of anamnesis, signalment, and habitus, followed by the core diagnostic procedures of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation supported by clinical cases. Furthermore, the significance of auxiliary diagnostic techniques, including olfactory evaluation, morphometric measurements, and probing, is emphasized. The text integrates the systematic perspective required for clinicians to differentiate between physiological and pathological findings, harmonizing species-specific examples (equine, bovine, feline, canine, etc.) with hallmark clinical phenomena such as the Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon, crepitation, and ping sounds.

Background: Tooth resorption (TR) is a prevalent dental condition with under-investigated systemic implications, particularly regarding renal health. This study aimed to evaluate renal biomarkers, specifically symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and the association between TR and blood parameters. Methods: Thirty-six cats (24 TR; 12 controls) were evaluated via intraoral radiography and blood analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors for TR, adjusting for age and sex. Results: Tooth resorption was diagnosed in 66.7% of the cats, predominantly affecting the mandibular first molars (409) and fourth premolars (108). A strong association was identified between TR stages and lesion types (p < 0.001). Cats with TR exhibited significantly higher serum SDMA concentrations (p = 0.011) and significantly lower albumin levels (p < 0.001) compared to controls. Hematological analysis revealed marked leukocytosis and monocytosis (p < 0.001) in the TR group. Most importantly, multivariable logistic regression identified SDMA as a predictor with TR presence (p = 0.012), with each unit increase in SDMA associated with a 3.5-fold increase in the likelihood of having resorptive lesions, independent of age and sex. Conclusions: Our findings regarding the oral-renal axis emphasize that feline TR involves chronic systemic inflammation. Consequently, it should be managed as a condition with measurable systemic impacts rather than merely a localized disease.

In radiotherapy (RT), the dose given to the organs at risk (OAR) is as important as the dose received by the tumor. FF (Flattening Filtered) and FFF (Flattening Filter Free) treatment techniques used in RT offer different advantages in terms of their effects on target and critical organs. Treatment duration varies depending on the number of monitor units (MU) delivered per unit time. The aim of this study was to investigate biochemically and histopathologically the damage in healthy laryngeal tissue exposed to 600 MU/min FF and 2400 MU/min FF ionizing radiation under different fractionation protocols. Also to investigate the radioprotective effect of melatonin against the radiological damage. The 78 rats included in the study were divided into 10 groups. Control and melatonin-only groups did not receive RT. The other 8 groups received FF and FFF ionizing radiation in different dose fractions. Half of the radiation group received melatonin 15 min before RT. No histological and biochemical differences were observed in the control and MLT only groups. Radiobiological damage was statistically significantly lower in the RT+MLT group compared to the RT only group. It has been observed that melatonin has a protective effect against tissue damage caused by radiation exposure in healthy laryngeal tissue.

Objectives: This study investigates the hypothesis that hyperfibrinolysis may occur in cats with acute trauma, leading to alterations in hematological, biochemical, and coagulation parameters, particularly in severe cases. The aim is to assess these parameters (aPTT, PT, fibrinogen, and D-dimer) in traumatized cats and to examine their association with trauma severity and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This study involved 35 acutely traumatized and 11 healthy cats. Trauma severity was quantified using the ATT (Multiple Trauma Triage Scoring System). For hematological, biochemical, and coagulation analyses, 2 ml of blood was drawn from a venous vein and processed within 15 to 30 min of collection. Results: Traumatized cats exhibited significantly elevated CPK and WBC counts, alongside significantly reduced HCT and RBC counts (p < 0.05). Fibrinogen concentrations were significantly decreased. D-dimer levels and ATT scores were significantly increased in the trauma group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups for PT, aPTT, TT, platelet count, or lactate levels (p > 0.05). Non-survivors had significantly higher lactate levels and lower pH, base excess (BE), and body temperature (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that ATT, lactate, pH, BE, and body temperature are effective predictors of both trauma severity and clinical prognosis in cats with acute trauma. Fibrin degradation products formed during this process are thought to contribute to elevated D-dimer levels, indicating the development of hyperfibrinolysis.

“Anestezi Acil Durumları ve Resüsitasyon” başlıklı bu bölüm, veteriner anestezisi sırasında gelişebilecek komplikasyonları sistematik olarak ele almakta ve acil müdahale yaklaşımlarını ayrıntılı biçimde sunmaktadır. Solunum, kardiyovasküler ve merkezi sinir sistemi kaynaklı komplikasyonlar; hipotermi, hipertermi gibi termoregülatuvar sorunlar ve pulmoner aspirasyon, bronkospazm, aritmiler gibi kritik tablolar ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Bölüm, anesteziye bağlı komplikasyonların önlenmesinde hasta hazırlığı, uygun ajan seçimi, monitörizasyon ve erken tanının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca RECOVER kılavuzu çerçevesinde veteriner kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyonun (CPR) temel ve ileri yaşam desteği basamakları açıklanmış, güncel kanıta dayalı uygulamalara rehberlik edilmiştir. Bu yönüyle bölüm, veteriner cerrahlar, anesteziyologlar ve acil hekimliğiyle ilgilenen araştırmacılar için kapsamlı bir kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır. The chapter “Anesthesia Emergencies and Resuscitation” provides a comprehensive overview of complications that may arise during veterinary anesthesia and outlines evidence-based emergency interventions. It systematically addresses respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous system complications, as well as thermoregulatory disorders such as hypothermia and hyperthermia. Critical conditions including pulmonary aspiration, bronchospasm, and cardiac arrhythmias are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on patient preparation, appropriate drug selection, perioperative monitoring, and the crucial role of early recognition in preventing anesthesia-related mortality. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the principles of veterinary cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within the framework of the RECOVER guidelines, presenting both basic and advanced life support protocols. By integrating practical strategies with current evidence, this chapter serves as a valuable reference for veterinary surgeons, anesthesiologists, and clinicians involved in emergency and critical care medicine.

Veteriner Anestezi ve Ekipmanları Ersin TANRIVERDİ Özgür AKSOY Anestezi Öncesi Değerlendirme, Ventilasyon ve Monitörizasyon Candemir ÖZCAN Ayşe Başak DELLALBAŞI Genel Anestezi, Sedasyon, Analjezi ve Premedikasyon Uğur AYDIN İsa ÖZAYDIN Anestezide Ağrı Yönetimi ve Sıvı, Elektrolit ve Kan Bileşeni Solüsyonlarının Uygulaması Serkan BOZACI Ömer DENİZ Kenan Çağrı TÜMER Enjekte Edilebilir ve İnhalasyon Ajanların Anestezide Kullanımı Kerem YENER Küçük Hayvanlarda Anestezi Yönetimi Unal YAVUZ Büyük Hayvanlarda Genel Anestezi ve Yönetimi Sadık YAYLA Nahit SAYLAK Egzotik - Yaban Hayat ve Balıklarda Anestezi Yönetimi Mümin Gökhan ŞENOCAK Türlere Göre Lokal Anestezik ve Analjezik Teknikler Celal Şahin ERMUTLU Alican YILMAZ Kardiyovasküler ve Solunum Hastalığı Olan Hastaların Anestezi Yönetimi Ziya YURTAL Kadri KULUALP Karaciğer ve Böbrek Hastalığı Olan Hastaların Anestezi Yönetimi (Renal Replasman Tedavisi İçin Anestezik Hususlar) Latif Emrah YANMAZ Gebe Hayvanlarda Anestezi Yönetimi Berrak Işık SOYTURK Tarık ŞAFAK Pediatrik ve Geriatrik Hastalarda Anestezi Yönetimi Sıtkıcan OKUR Anestezi Acil Durumları ve Resüsitasyon Kurtuluş PARLAK Veteriner Anesteziyoloji Sorumlulukları ve Hayvan Refahı Eyüp Tolga AKYOL

Purpose: This study aims to biochemically assess serum CK18 levels in healthy rats exposed to FF and FFF mode irradiation. Additionally, the radioprotective effect of melatonin against two different dose rates will be evaluated. A total of 48 healthy adult female Sprague Dawley rats were included in this experimental study. Rats in Groups 1 and 2 did not receive any radiotherapy. Groups 3 and 5 were exposed to radiotherapy alone at dose rates of 600 MU/min (LDR-FF) and 2400 MU/min (HDR-FFF), respectively. Group 4 received 50 mg/kg of melatonin (MLT) 15 minutes prior to LDR-FF irradiation, while Group 6 was administered the same dose of MLT 15 minutes before HDR-FFF exposure. A significant increase in M30 and M65 levels was observed in Groups 3 and 5 as a result of radiation exposure. In both irradiated groups, melatonin treatment led to a reduction in these biochemical parameters. The findings demonstrate significant changes in serum M30 and M65 levels following melatonin administration, highlighting its potential as a radioprotective agent. CK18-based biomarkers are suggested for broader use in future preclinical and clinical research.