Songül Karadağ

Songül Karadağ

*This is an algorithmically generated author record based on publicly available information.

Current Organizations / Institutes

The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article

Previous Organizations / Institutes

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Songül Karadağ has a total of 34 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:

  • Gamze Yeğin

    Cukurova University, Faculty of Health Sciences

    3 shared publications
  • Nazan Kılıç Akça

    Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey (Dr Karadağ); Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir Bakırçay University, İzmir, Turkey (Dr Akça); Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey (Dr Çürük); and İncesu Vocational School, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey (Mr Kaplan)

    2 shared publications
  • Sevilay Erden

    Cukurova Universitesi

    2 shared publications
  • Ali Kaplan

    Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey (Dr Karadağ); Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir Bakırçay University, İzmir, Turkey (Dr Akça); Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey (Dr Çürük); and İncesu Vocational School, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey (Mr Kaplan)

    1 shared publication
  • Aynur Kızılırmak

    Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University

    1 shared publication
  • Aynur Kızılırmak

    Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi

    1 shared publication

Latest Publications

  • Open Access

    Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Turkish version of Abbey Pain Scale in dementia patients

    by Sevilay Erden, İlKnur Tura, Pınar Kaya, Songül Karadağ

    Background: The aim of this study was to culturally adapt the Abbey Pain Scale (APS-TR) into Turkish and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale in dementia patients. Patients and Methods: Between September 16, 2020 and April 16, 2023, a total of 103 dementia patients aged ≥ 65 who were admitted to the intensive care units of a university hospital were included in the study. Pain levels were assessed 1 min before mobilization or repositioning, during the procedure, and 20 min afterward using the Turkish version of the APS, the Nonverbal Pain Scale (NVPS), and the Verbal Descriptive Scale (VDS). Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency analysis with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and criterion validity was examined by analyzing correlations between APS-TR and the other pain scales using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Of a total of 103 patients, 37 were male and 66 were female with a mean age of 71.7 ± 5.67 (range, 65 to 92) years. As a result of linguistic and cultural adaptation, the Turkish version of the scale was found to be appropriate. The content validity index was found to be 0.90. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the items formed a single-factor structure, and factor loadings ranged from 0.489 to 0.855. Confirmatory factor analysis fit indices (χ 2 /df = 1.21, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.046, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.045, [comparative fit index] = 0.989) indicated that the model was acceptable. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.777, and positive and significant relationships were found between APS-TR and NVPS and VDS at all measurement times. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that the Turkish version of the APS is a valid, reliable, and unidimensional measurement instrument which can be used to assess pain in dementia patients receiving treatment in intensive care.

  • Lung Cancer Pain Quality Descriptors: More Similarities Than Differences by Patient Characteristics

    by Sevilay Erden, Michael D. Bumbach, Songül Karadağ, Rachael O. Ajiboye, Judith M. Schlaeger, Brenda W. Dyal, Yingwei Yao, Diana J. Wilkie

  • Open Access

    Artificial Intelligence and Nursing in Management of Diabetes Mellitus

    by Gamze Yeğin, Songül Karadağ

    The morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with diabetes mellitus and its complications make it an important health concern. Artificial intelligence, becoming prominent in today’s advancing technology, refers to application systems or machines capable of imitating human cognitive functions and enhancing their performance with the data they acquire. Artificial intelligence can provide data-oriented, sensitive treatment and care methods in addition to existing methods, resulting in a paradigm shift in management of diabetes mellitus. Artificial intelligence-based virtual assistants offer people 24/7 service and answer their questions instantly, send reminders, and provide educational materials. They play an important role particularly in monitoring patients’ blood glucose levels and reminding them to take their medications. Continuous and individualized support helps patients comply with treatment and keep their blood glucose levels under control; thus, enhancing their quality of life and ability to cope with diabetes mellitus.

  • Hipoglisemi Farkındalığında Bozulma ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları

    by Gamze Yeğin, Songül Karadağ

    Hipoglisemi, diyabet tedavisinin en yaygın metabolik yan etkisidir. Hipogliseminin farkında olmama, hipogliseminin otonomik ve nöroglikopenik semptomlarının azaldığı ve neredeyse algılanamadığı bir durumu tanımlamaktadır. Hipoglisemi semptomlarını hissetme derecesi bireyler arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Hipoglisemiyi zamanında fark edememek, bilinç kaybına, nöbete hatta ölüme yol açabilir. Bu klinik sendrom diyabet tedavisinde özellikle büyük bir zorluk teşkil etmektedir. Hemşirelerin, hipoglisemi farkındalığı bozulmuş olan diyabetlilerin tanılanması, diyabetli birey ve ailelerinin hipogliseminin önlenmesi, gelişmesi durumunda da uygun bakım ve tedavinin sağlanmasına ilişkin bilgi ve becerilerinin geliştirilmesi yönünde önemli görev ve sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır.

  • Open Access

    Hemşirelerin Yaşlı Ayrımcılığına İlişkin Görüşleri: Fenomenolojik Çalışma

    by Gamze Yeğin, Songül Karadağ

    Bu araştırma; hemşirelerin yaşlı ayrımcılığına ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. planlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan fenomenolojik desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini 8 hemşire oluşturmuş ve odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada örneklem seçim kriterlerine gidilmemiş olup çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden ve çalışmanın yapıldığı tarihler arasında izinli, raporlu olmayan hemşireler araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Görüşmeler katılımcıların izinleri dâhilinde ses kayıt cihazı ile kayıt altına alınmış ve yazılı olarak kaydedilmiştir. Odak grup görüşmesi ortalama 60 dk uzunluğundadır. Verilerin toplanmasında, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Hemşire tanıtım formu hemşirelerin yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durumu, eğitim durumu, gelir durumu, çalışma yılı, çalışılan birim, çalışma şekli ve çalışma süresine ilişkin bilgileri içermektedir. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formunda hemşirelere yedi adet açık uçlu görüşme sorusu yöneltilmiş, veri analizinde, tematik analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 8 hemşire katılmıştır. Katılan hemşirelerin 8’i de kadındır. Hemşirelerin yaşları 23-36 arasında olup çalışma süreleri 2-10 yıl arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular “Yaşlılık Algıları”, “Yaşlı Ayrımcılığına İlişkin Düşünceler” ve “Yaşlı Hastalara Yönelik Bakım Algıları” olmak üzere üç ana tema altında gruplandırılmıştır. Bulgular kısmında doğrudan alıntılara yer verilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda hemşirelerin yaşlı hastalara yönelik algılarının genel olarak olumlu olduğu ve çoğunun yaşa dayalı ayrımcı tutum sergilemediği saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin yaşlı hastalara daha iyi bakım verebilmeleri için hizmet içi eğitimlerin verilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle yaşlı hastaların mevcut ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlarının çözümünde sağlık hizmetleriyle ilgili karar vericilerin ve yetkililerin iyi planlama yapması ve uygun politikaların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.


  • Open Access

    The Effect of Therapeutic Touch on the Loneliness and Hopelessness Level of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

    by Zehra Bayram, Songül Karadağ

    The Effect of Therapeutic Touch on the Loneliness and Hopelessness Levels of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to determine how Therapeutic Touch affects the levels of loneliness and hopelessness in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with patients undergoing hemodialysis at the hemodialysis unit of a hospital in Turkey. The sample consisted of 40 patients (20 control, 20 intervention) who voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and BECK Hopelessness Scale. Therapeutic Touch was given to the patients in the intervention group for 15 minutes every other day for three days, whereas no interventions other than routine care were applied to patients in the control group. Results: After the therapeutic touch, it was found that the mean scores received from UCLA and BECK scales were statistically lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (p


  • Open Access

    Rational Drug Use in Older Adults and the Influencing Factors: A cross-sectional study

    by İbrahim Duman, Songül Karadağ

    Aim: This study was conducted to determine rational drug use in older adults and the influencing factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the geriatric outpatient clinic a university hospital between 01 April and 30 June 2022. 513 older adults were included in the scope of the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interview method using the Older Adults Information Form and the Rational Drug Use Scale. Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Mann Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to assess the data. Results: In the study, it was determined that the mean age of the older adults was 70.87±5.95 and their Rational Drug Use Scale mean score was 34.69±4.60. In addition, it was determined that the average of daily medicines taken by the older adults was 4.07±3.29 and 45% of them were polypharmacy. It was found that the older adults who had a bachelor’s degree or higher education level, were living in the city centre, were taking drugs continuously and were using the prescribed drug for the recommended time had a higher Rational Drug Use Scale mean score (p


  • Behaviors to Prevent Lymphedema and Functional Use of Arms of Patients with Breast Cancer after Surgery

    by Hava Çolak, Aynur Kızılırmak, Songül Karadağ

    Objective: The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the functional use of the arms of patients with breast cancer after surgical treatment and their behaviors to prevent lymphedema. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 125 patients. The data were collected by using the Patient Information Form and the Turkish version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire-DASH. Chi square, Fisher exact and Independent-Samples t test were used for statistical evaluation of the data. Results: Lymphedema was detected in 21% of the women with breast cancer after surgical treatment. There was no significant difference between exercise status and lymphedema development of the women, but there was a significant difference between exercise duration and the presence of lymphedema (p<0.05). The DASH mean score of the women in the study was found to be 25.57 ± 15.86. The patients with lymphedema had higher DASH score and had more arm weakness. Conclusion: It is recommended that nurses give training and consultancy to women with breast cancer and inform patients to do the recommended exercises by regularly following up them after surgical treatment. Amaç: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışmanın amacı meme kanserli hastaların cerrahi tedavi sonrası kollarının fonksiyonel kullanımlarını ve lenfödem önleme davranışlarını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma 125 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler Hasta Tanıtım Formu ve Kol, Omuz ve El Sorunları Anketi-DASH’ın Türkçe versiyonu kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesinde ki kare, Fisher exact ve Independent-Samples t testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Cerrahi tedavi sonrası meme kanserli kadınların %21'inde lenfödem tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların egzersiz durumu ile lenfödem gelişimi arasında anlamlı fark bulunmazken, egzersiz süresi ile lenfödem varlığı arasında anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Araştırmaya katılan kadınların DASH puan ortalaması 25.57 ± 15.86 olarak bulundu. Lenfödemi olan kadınların DASH skoru daha yüksek ve kol güçsüzlüğü daha fazlaydı. Sonuç: Hemşirelerin meme kanserli kadınlara eğitim ve danışmanlık vermeleri, cerrahi tedavi sonrası düzenli takip edilerek hastaları önerilen egzersizleri yapmaları konusunda bilgilendirmeleri önerilmiştir.