Marina Viličić

The United Nations called on the international community to move forward together. Through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), a plan was set until 2030. The use of maps, mapping technology and the skills of cartographers help synthesize and visualize complex data. Maps allow insights into trends and comparisons between different areas and over different time periods. Mapping helps in better understanding and implications of each sustainable development goal. For this purpose, the paper presents map projections with a special emphasis on mapping for a sustainable world. Map projection is not only the transformation of geospatial data, but of any data related to space. Presented is a modern classification of map projections that differs from the usual division into cylindrical, conical and azimuthal. For maps of the world adapted to the goals of sustainable development, the Winkel Triple projection is proposed. Different map projections bring with them significantly different distortions. The energy consumption for displaying a digital map varies greatly when using different projections. This is the area of a new branch of cartography − green cartography. In the article, we take a critical look at the research of digital maps and their carbon footprint and warn against maps made in map projections that should not be researched in the future. The article is intended for everyone who is interested in cartography as an auxiliary profession in sustainable development, but also for cartographers who do not think critically enough about map projections.

The paper gives a new generalized definition of the loxodrome on any surface. Its differential equations are derived, which are solved on the sphere and on the rotational ellipsoid. The concept of generalized longitude is introduced, which appears in a natural way when solving the differential equation of the loxodrome. Furthermore, the isometric latitude on the sphere and on the ellipsoid is introduced and show the relations with latitude and longitude. Generalized longitude allows defining isometric latitude in a new way. At the end, basic geodesic problems are solved along the loxodrome on the sphere and on the rotational ellipsoid.

This article presents the procedure for determining numerical scales based on the graphic scales drawn to process the graphic material in Volume VII of the Valvasor collection. To calculate the numerical scales, the miles drawn on the maps and their lengths in relation to one degree of the meridian were studied. A total of 22 different miles were drawn on the maps studied, of which the German mile was the most common. After calculating the numerical scales, it was found that the largest scale of the maps examined was 1:220,000 and the smallest was 1:11,200,000.

Miljenko Lapaine was born in Zagreb on 4 April 1952. After primary school and junior music school, he attended a mathematics gymnasium and music high school. He then studied mathematics and graduated in 1976 from the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics of the University of Zagreb, majoring in theoretical mathematics.

The uniqueness and detail in the depiction of Croatian regions gives Glavač's map exceptional importance as part of the Croatian cultural heritage. Since Glavač left behind as written evidence of map creation only its title and an exhaustive dedication, other information about the map remains unknown. The appearance of the cartographic network indicates that it is a normal aspect of cylindrical projection. From the relationship between the coordinates from the map, we concluded that Glavač used the equidistant cylindrical projection with the equator as a standard parallel. After that we have calculated that the ratio of the radius of the Earth's sphere to the scale of the map is 2292.7. The numerical scale of the map can be determined from a graphical scale and from the calculated ratio of the radius to the map scale. Since there were several attempts to determine the Earth's dimensions at the time of Glavač's map, there are several possible radii of the Earth's sphere. At the end of the paper, calculating the interval of the numerical scale of the map enabled us to refute and/or accept the theses of other authors who cited different scales of Glavač's map in their works.

This research aims to assess available spatial open data related to access to hospitals in the three largest Croatian cities (Zagreb, Split, Rijeka), with a future aim to create digital services as an ecosystem that will be used in everyday situations, as part of the concept of “digital society”. Data analysis is performed for the following datasets: hospitals, hospital specialization, public transport (tram, bus), bike routes, car routes, parking and parking for people with disabilities. The future aim is to create a new mobile, multilingual and voice-based application that would enable quick access to information on hospital access, relying on the principles of the open data ecosystem, which would improve over time. There are four specific aims: (1) to identify and analyze portals and open datasets of the selected categories for the three largest Croatian cities; (2) to analyze existing open data assessment frameworks and detect gaps; (3) to create a conceptual open data assessment framework as an open data ecosystem that integrates new end-user perspectives; and (4) to analyze existing open datasets for the three largest cities in Croatia, based on supply and demand by researcher/developer categories, using the newly developed framework. The results show that existing open datasets related to hospital access in the three largest Croatian cities are scattered across different portals. Analyzed frameworks existing on the supply side of open data are more focused on the status of the components, lacking evaluation scales and not including end-user-driven aspects, which would be crucial for the open data ecosystem. As a result, the new “Hospital Access Framework” is created as a conceptual ecosystem, including five categories: supply, demand by researcher/developer, demand by end-user, legal aspect and impact. Analysis of existing open data for the three Croatian cities is performed for two categories (supply and demand by researcher/developer), for which KPIs, indicators and evaluation scales are developed. The other three categories are not analyzed, since the application cannot be developed from existing data, which are insufficient for the creation of a smart application. Results show that existing open data related to hospital access are incomplete or do not exist at all (hospital specialization, parking for people with disabilities, data on multilingualism and voice enabling). Average scores of the supply category are higher than those for demand by researcher/developer, although they are below the average grade, showing a lack of available data that could be used for further development. The new conceptual “Hospital Access Framework” open data ecosystem would benefit from end-user interaction, therefore, improving over time with end-users through interaction.

Stjepan Glavač (1627-1680) produced a map of Croatia dated 1673, on which two meridians appear twice, 40°/51° and 41°/52°. The only written source regarding Glavač’s map is the dedication, which forms an integral part of the map. It does not say which prime meridians Glavač relied on, so in our research we attempted to establish what those prime meridians might have been. We approached the problem of the double longitudes using linear regression, through which we wanted to examine the relation of Glavač’s longitudes to modern values. An essential part of the research was a comparison of Glavač’s map with maps by his predecessors and contemporaries which show approximately the same prime meridians. The maps analysed, with their written values for the longitudes of certain places, indicated that the selection of prime meridians at that time was not entirely reliable. A further problem seemed to be the knowledge of the position of islands chosen as points of departure for longitudes. We concluded that the points of departure for Glavač’s dual longitudes were Palma, one of the Canary Islands, and the islands of Corvo and Flores in the Azores.