Caglar Doguer

Bacchus^Ⓡ-incorporated gwapyeon was formulated as a functional starch-based gel confectionery to evaluate the effects of starch type and concentration on its physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, texture, and consumer preference. Three starch types (corn, mung bean, and potato) were applied at three concentration levels (9%－11% for corn and potato starch; 7%－9% for mung bean) under identical processing conditions. Physicochemical characteristics were primarily dependent on the starch type. Mung bean starch formulations exhibited lower pH and higher soluble solid contents; corn starch formulations showed relatively higher pH and lower Brix values; and potato starch formulations displayed intermediate values. Color properties also varied, with mung bean and corn starch gels appearing brighter, whereas the potato starch gels exhibited reduced lightness. Storage stability differed markedly: mung bean starch gels showed pronounced early syneresis, corn starch gels exhibited low but gradually increasing syneresis, and potato starch gels revealed delayed moisture release. Total flavonoid content did not differ among formulations; however, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging activity varied, with the highest activity observed in the 11% corn starch formulation. Texture profile analysis indicated increased mechanical resistance with higher starch concentrations, with mung bean starch producing the firmest gels and potato starch the softest. Consumer evaluation showed that excessive chewiness and elevated residual perception were associated with lower acceptance. The 9% corn starch formulation showed the highest overall acceptance, whereas purchase intention was relatively higher in the 7% mung bean and 9% corn starch fomulation. The results highlight starch selection as a critical determinant of structural stability, functional retention, and sensory performance in Bacchus^Ⓡ-based starch-gel confectionery systems.

Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are driven by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction accompanied by chronic inflammation and an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study investigated the protective effects of Eruca sativa freeze-dried extract against metabolic and inflammatory stress in the ARPE-19 retinal epithelial cell line. Gene expression levels and protein contents were assessed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blots. VEGF secretion and cell calcium levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Fluo-4 NW calcium assay, respectively. Freeze-dried E. sativa extract (ESF) exposure did not induce any cytotoxicity across the concentration range tested. Under thapsigargin (Tg) stimulation, ESF at 1 mg/mL significantly reduced VEGF expression and protein secretion by 32% and 34%, respectively. Tg-induced calcium mobilization within cells and the expression of unfolded protein response markers, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, binding immunoglobulin protein, and X-box binding protein-1, remained unchanged following ESF exposure. Under lipopolysaccharide stimulation, in a dose-dependent manner, ESF suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β expression; however, c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling was not affected. Hot-air-dried E. sativa extract demonstrated contrasting regulatory profiles, which exhibited a broader modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that ESF selectively attenuates inflammatory and angiogenic responses by specifically inhibiting the NF-κB-VEGF axis. Dehydration, therefore, is a critical method determining ESF bioactivity, preserving native phytochemicals that confer focused anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic efficacy in RPE cells.

Theophylline, a methylxanthine-class bronchodilator that has anti-inflammatory properties, is clinically used to manage chronic respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although theophylline demonstrates therapeutic efficacy, it has a narrow therapeutic index and central nervous system (CNS) activity, which requires a detailed safety assessment. This study investigated the acute neurobehavioral and thermophysiological effects of orally administered theophylline in male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice using the modified Irwin test. Single doses of 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg of theophylline were administered, followed by structured behavioral observations at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h post-dosing. Administration at concentrations of 30 and 100 mg/kg induced transient hyperthermia, increased spontaneous locomotion, and reversible motor coordination deficits between 1 and 6 h, with full recovery by 24 h. Tail elevation was observed only at concentrations of 30 mg/kg, whereas partial eyelid closure occurred exclusively in mice receiving 100 mg/kg administered doses. However, doses of 10 mg/kg did not produce measurable changes in any of these parameters. No notable alterations were detected in the abdominal tone, tremors, convulsions, respiration, righting reflex, salivation, lacrimation, skin color, or exophthalmos, thereby indicating the absence of systemic or generalized CNS toxicity. The modified Irwin test captured the subtle, regionally selective neurofunctional responses induced by theophylline, thus emphasizing its relevance in CNS safety pharmacology and supporting continued mechanistic investigations under clinically relevant exposure conditions.

This study evaluated the effects of Guatemalan coffee extract (G) on the physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties of Yanggaeng at different roasting levels (light, medium, and dark) and concentrations (0%, control group [CON]; 2%, 2; 4%, 4; and 6%, 6). Moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents varied significantly with G concentration and roasting level, with light roasts exhibiting the highest moisture and fat content, but the lowest ash and carbohydrate content. Colorimetric properties showed a dose-dependent decrease in lightness and an increase in redness and yellowness with the addition of G. Additionally, pH levels increased in light and dark roasts, but decreased in medium roasts, whereas Brix values increased with G, peaking in dark roasts. Antioxidant activity, assessed by total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, improved notably in the medium and dark roasts. Textural properties including hardness, resilience, and chewiness also benefited from the addition of G. Sensory evaluations favored Yanggaeng containing 4–6% G, especially in dark roasts, for attributes such as color, scent, and overall taste. Dark roast concentrations of 4% and 6% were identified as optimal for enhancing the properties of Yanggaeng, supporting the potential of G to develop innovative high-quality desserts tailored to modern consumer preferences.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood, causing cognitive and social dysfunctions. Symptoms may persist into adolescence and adulthood or may occur later in life without childhood onset. Nutrition, which is an environmental risk factor, is also important in the treatment of ADHD. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary model in accordance with the nutritional recommendations indicated in ADHD. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ADHD and dietary alignment with the MD. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 440 students aged 18 to 24 years studying at Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Türkiye. The data collection tools used in the study were a sociodemographic characteristics form, an MD Quality Index (KIDMED), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The mean scores for the Attention Deficit subscale, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale, and total ASRS total score of the participants with low dietary alignment with the MD were significantly higher than those of the participants with moderate and high dietary alignment with the MD (p < 0.001). The KIDMED scores showed a strong negative correlation with the total ASRS scores (r = -0.681; p < 0.001) and the Attention Deficit subscale scores (r = -0.643; p < 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with the Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale scores (r = -0.533; p < 0.001). According to the results of the multivariate linear regression analysis, a one-unit increase in the KIDMED score is associated with a decrease of 2.333 units in the ASRS score (β = -2.333, p < 0.001). Greater dietary alignment with the MD was associated with a lower risk of ADHD symptoms, including attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and the positive relationship between the ASRS subscales suggests that these symptoms often co-occur. Though the findings suggest that the MD may help reduce ADHD risk, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference.

Caglar Doguer, Fatma Duygu Ceylan, Esra Capanoglu, Nabil Adrar, Esra Bölük, Ali Timucin Atayoglu, Suzan Uzun, and Ibrahim Palabiyik. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2025;30:81-91. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2025.30.1.81

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Enneagram sistemi tarafından dokuz farklı tipe ayrılan kişilik özellikleri ile bireylerin yemek tercihleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Farklı demografik geçmişleri temsil eden 18 yaş üstü toplam 987 katılımcı çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların Enneagram tipleri ve yemek tercihlerini belirlemek için "Google Documents" üzerinden oluşturulan Taştan Kişilik Tipi Envanteri ve Yemek Tercihi Anketi kullanılmıştır. Kişilik tipleri ve besin tercihleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ve kişilik tiplerinin gıda seçimleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için sırasıyla Pearson korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın etik kurul onayı Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan alınmıştır (Protokol No: 2020.37.02.11). Bulgular: Mevcut çalışmanın bulguları, Enneagram kişilik tipleri ile gıda seçimleri arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, Enneagram TİP 2 kişiliğine sahip bireylerin gıda tercihleri açısından ruh hali, uygunluk, duyusal görünüm ve fiyat alt boyutları ile en yüksek korelasyonu sergilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Sağlık, ağırlık kontrolü ve etik kaygılar alt boyutları ile en yüksek ilişki düzeyi TİP 3 kişilik tipi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmada duygusal yeme ile TİP 2 ve TİP 9 kişiliklerine sahip bireylerin gıda seçimleri arasında bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Enneagram kişilik tiplerinin gıda seçimlerini nasıl etkilediğini anlamak, genel refahı teşvik etmek için bireylerin farklı ihtiyaçlarını ve motivasyonlarını ele alan kişiselleştirilmiş diyet stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Enneagram kişilik özellikleri ile bireylerin gıda tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler arasındaki ilişkinin tam olarak anlaşılabilmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) juice is an important product used in gastronomy and food formulations. The first objective of this study was to optimize the content of bioactive compounds in purple onion juice (POJ) after the thermosonication process using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) application models. Second, the anticancer, antibacterial, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic effects of POJ obtained after thermal pasteurization (P-POJ) or thermosonication (TS-POJ) were investigated after obtaining the ANN and RSM analysis reports. The optimization process for TS-POJ was carried out at 44 °C, for 13 min, with a 68% amplitude. The findings demonstrated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition level was greater in TS-POJ samples than in the untreated control (C-POJ) sample (p > 0.05). C-POJ, TS-POJ, and P-POJ exhibited the inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner in lung (A549), cervical (HeLa), and colon cancer cells following 24 h incubation. Thermosonication or thermal pasteurization did not markedly affect the cell proliferation of the examined cancer cells compared to the untreated control group. While no antibacterial effect was observed with low concentrations of samples, they showed an antibacterial effect at pure concentrations (100%). The thermosonication treatment for processing purple onion juice was successful in this study’s results.

Background/Aim: At present, a gluten-free diet is the only efficient way to treat celiac disease (CD). The development of novel approaches to lessen or counteract the pathogenic effects of gluten remains crucial for the treatment of CD. The aim in this investigation was to examine the restorative effects of Acetobacter ghanensis as a novel probiotic against gliadin-induced modulation in the barrier integrity of an intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) model (Caco-2). Methods: Fully differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers were subjected to enzymatically digested gliadin with a pepsin and trypsin (PT) in the presence or absence of A. ghanensis for 90 min. The relative amounts of zonulin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, and occludin mRNA expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was evaluated to monitor the barrier integrity of cell monolayers. Statistical analyses were carried out using one- or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc analysis for multiple pairwise comparisons. Results: A significant upregulation (4.7-fold) of zonulin was noted in the PT-gliadin treated Caco-2 cells in comparison with the untreated controls (PA. ghanensis in the presence of PT-gliadin (P<0.001). Furthermore, prominent decreases in the mRNA expression levels of ZO-1 (45%) and occludin (40%) were seen in the PT-gliadin exposed Caco-2 cells compared to the untreated control cells (PP=0.172). Similarly to zonulin expression, the decreasing effect of PT-gliadin on ZO-1 was completely attenuated in the PT-gliadin-administrated Caco-2 cells following exposure to A. ghanensis (PConclusion: A. ghanensis restored the pathogenicity of PT-gliadin on intestinal barrier integrity. function ready(callback){ // in case the document is already rendered if (document.readyState!='loading') callback(); // modern browsers else if (document.addEventListener) document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', callback); // IE <= 8 else document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function(){ if (document.readyState=='complete') callback(); }); } ready(function(){ var abstract = document.getElementById("abstract"); //declare your possible strings in vars let st = innerHTML; st = st.replace(//g,""); st = st.replace(/<\/p>/g,""); st = st.replace(//g,""); st = st.replace(/<\/strong>/g,""); st = st.replace(/ /g,""); let title = "Background/Aim:"; if(st.includes(title)){ st = st.replace(title, ""+title+" "); } else{ title = "Aim:"; st = st.replace(title, ""+title+""); } let titles = ["Methods:", "Conclusion:", "Results:"]; titles.forEach((title, ndx) => { //console.log(title); st = st.replace(title, " "+title+""); }); //console.log(st); innerHTML = ''+st+''; }); Downloads Download data is not yet available. 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Effect of anti-gliadin IgY antibody on epithelial intestinal integrity and inflammatory response induced by gliadin. BMC Immunol. 2015;16:41. doi: 10.1186/s12865-015-0104-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-015-0104-1 Doguer C, Akalan H, Tokatlı Demirok N, Erdal B, Mete R, Bilgen T. Protective effects of Acetobacter ghanensis against gliadin toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells with immunoregulatory and gluten-digestive properties. Eur J Nutr. 2022. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-03015-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-03015-6 Gulec S, Collins JF. Silencing the Menkes copper-transporting ATPase (Atp7a) gene in rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells increases iron flux via transcriptional induction of ferroportin 1 (Fpn1). J Nutr. 2014;144(1):12-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.183160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.183160 Gujral N, Freeman HJ, Thomson AB. Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(42):6036-59. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6036 Ludvigsson JF, Murray JA. Epidemiology of Celiac Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2019;48(1):1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.09.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2018.09.004 Makharia GK, Singh P, Catassi C, Sanders DS, Leffler D, Ali RAR, et al. The global burden of coeliac disease: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;19(5):313-27. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00552-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00552-z Su GL, Ko CW, Bercik P, Falck-Ytter Y, Sultan S, Weizman AV, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Role of Probiotics in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(2):697-705. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.059 Seiler CL, Kiflen M, Stefanolo JP, Bai JC, Bercik P, Kelly CP, et al. Probiotics for Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(10):1584-95. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000749. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000749 Cristofori F, Indrio F, Miniello VL, De Angelis M, Francavilla R. Probiotics in Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2018;10(12). doi: 10.3390/nu10121824. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121824 Clemente MG, De Virgiliis S, Kang JS, Macatagney R, Musu MP, Di Pierro MR, et al. Early effects of gliadin on enterocyte intracellular signalling involved in intestinal barrier function. Gut. 2003;52(2):218-23. doi: 10.1136/gut.52.2.218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.2.218 Hollon J, Puppa EL, Greenwald B, Goldberg E, Guerrerio A, Fasano A. Effect of gliadin on permeability of intestinal biopsy explants from celiac disease patients and patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Nutrients. 2015;7(3):1565-76. doi: 10.3390/nu7031565. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7031565 Orlando A, Linsalata M, Notarnicola M, Tutino V, Russo F. Lactobacillus GG restoration of the gliadin induced epithelial barrier disruption: the role of cellular polyamines. BMC Microbiol. 2014;14:19. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-19 Lindfors K, Blomqvist T, Juuti-Uusitalo K, Stenman S, Venäläinen J, Mäki M, et al. Live probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis bacteria inhibit the toxic effects induced by wheat gliadin in epithelial cell culture. Clin Exp Immunol. 2008;152(3):552-8. oi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03635.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03635.x Silano M, Vincentini O, Luciani A, Felli C, Caserta S, Esposito S, et al. Early tissue transglutaminase-mediated response underlies K562(S)-cell gliadin-dependent agglutination. Pediatr Res. 2012;71(5):532-8. doi: 10.1038/pr.2012.4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2012.4 Sander GR, Cummins AG, Henshall T, Powell BC. 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Lactobacillus plantarum MB452 enhances the function of the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of genes involved in tight junction formation. BMC Microbiol. 2010;10:316. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-316 Herrán AR, Pérez-Andrés J, Caminero A, Nistal E, Vivas S, Ruiz de Morales JM, et al. Gluten-degrading bacteria are present in the human small intestine of healthy volunteers and celiac patients. Res Microbiol. 2017;168(7):673-84. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.04.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2017.04.008 Greco L, Gobbetti M, Auricchio R, Di Mase R, Landolfo F, Paparo F, et al. Safety for patients with celiac disease of baked goods made of wheat flour hydrolyzed during food processing. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(1):24-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.09.025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2010.09.025 Francavilla R, De Angelis M, Rizzello CG, Cavallo N, Dal Bello F, Gobbetti M. Selected Probiotic Lactobacilli Have the Capacity to Hydrolyze Gluten Peptides during Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017;83(14). doi: 10.1128/AEM.00376-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00376-17 Downloads PDF 162 241 Published 2023-02-03 Issue Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): 133-137 Section Research Article How to Cite 1. Doguer C, Tokatlı Demirok N, Ege Gunduz KB. Restorative effects of Acetobacter ghanensis on the pathogenicity of gliadin-induced modulation of tight junction-associated gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells: Impacts of Acetobacter ghanensis on the intestinal epithelial barrier. J Surg Med [Internet]. 2023 Feb. 3 [cited 2023 Dec. 5];7(2):133-7. Available from: https://jsurgmed.com/article/view/7585 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX License Copyright (c) 2023 Caglar Doguer, Nazan Tokatlı Demirok, Kardelen Busra Ege Gunduz This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Citations #7585

Purpose The aim of this study was to establish whether Acetobacter ghanensis, the probiotic characteristics of which were evaluated previously, attenuates gliadin-induced toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells with gluten-digestive and immunoregulatory properties. Methods A co-culture model of human intestinal epithelial cell (Caco-2) monolayers on top of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with celiac disease (CD) was established. The gluten-digestive properties of A. ghanensis were determined by checking bacterial growth in a medium containing gluten as the main nitrogen source. The mRNA levels of genes encoding TJ-associated proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The concentrations of IL-6 and TNFα were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found that PT-gliadin disrupted intestinal barrier integrity by modulating the expression of TJ-associated genes encoding zonulin (increased by ~ 60%), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (decreased by ~ 22%), and occludin (decreased by ~ 28%) in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, PT-gliadin treatment in Caco-2 cells was associated with increased concentrations of IL-6 (~ 1.6-fold) and TNFα (~ twofold) from PBMCs. These modulatory effects of PT-gliadin, however, were suppressed when Caco-2 cells were subjected to A. ghanensis in the presence of PT-gliadin. As a factor underlying these protective effects, we showed that A. ghanensis could digest gluten peptides. Conclusions To our knowledge, the current study is the first to demonstrate that A. ghanensis improves intestinal barrier functions by attenuating the modulatory effects of PT-gliadin with immunoregulatory and gluten-digestive properties.