Charoenkwan Kraiya

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with altered expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and glypican-3 (GPC-3), whose complementary assessment may improve biomarker evaluation. Here, disposable dual impedimetric immunosensors were developed using a titanium dioxide–tungsten trioxide/polypyrrole (TiO₂–WO₃/PPy) nanocomposite. Anti-AFP and anti-GPC-3 antibodies were independently immobilized on AuNPs/TiO₂–WO₃/PPy-modified electrodes through 4-aminothiophenol-mediated functionalization. The sensing interfaces were optimized for nanomaterial composition, composite ratio, operating potential, and cross-reactivity. Antigen-induced interfacial changes were evaluated using differential charge-transfer resistance (ΔRct), constant-phase-element-derived pseudo-capacitance variation (ΔQ), and apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants (k⁰). Both immunosensors exhibited linear responses from 1 pg mL⁻¹ to 100 ng mL⁻¹, with detection limits of 70 fg mL⁻¹ for AFP and 36 fg mL⁻¹ for GPC-3. Reproducibility was satisfactory (RSD < 2.5%), and 87.45% of the initial response was retained after six weeks at 4 °C. Partial least squares regression combining these descriptors achieved R² = 0.9991 and RMSEP = 0.052 for AFP, and R² = 0.9994 and RMSEP = 0.046 for GPC-3, outperforming single-ΔRct quantification. Recoveries of 97–103% in spiked serum and plasma demonstrated analytical accuracy, supporting potential applications in HCC biomarker assessment.

Arsenic contamination in water and food remains a major environmental and public health challenge worldwide. Natural geological processes and anthropogenic activities, including mining, smelting, a...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide due to the limited sensitivity of current surveillance and diagnostic strategies for early-stage detection. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as promising tools for HCC diagnostics owing to their high sensitivity, rapid response, low cost, and compatibility with point-of-care testing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for HCC detection, focusing on key biomarkers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), glypican-3 (GPC-3), AFP-L3, and circulating nucleic acids. We discuss developments in biorecognition strategies, nanomaterial-assisted signal amplification, and analytical performance of reported sensor platforms. In addition, the review critically examines the gap between laboratory-scale sensor performance particularly ultra-low detection limits and practical clinical requirements, including selectivity in complex biological matrices, reproducibility, long-term stability, and validation using clinical samples. The review also discusses how nanomaterial selection, fabrication complexity, and device variability influence the clinical translation of electrochemical biosensors. Finally, the review highlights future directions for developing clinically viable electrochemical biosensors, including multiplex biomarker detection, standardized validation with real clinical samples, scalable manufacturing approaches, and integration with artificial intelligence and digital health platforms to improve HCC monitoring.

Creatinine is a cornerstone biomarker for evaluating renal function and guiding clinical decisions in chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, transplantation, and drug administration. However, its routine determination remains constrained by the specificity, cost, and practicality of conventional analytical methods, limiting accurate and decentralized testing, particularly at the point-of-care. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as a robust synthetic recognition technology capable of addressing these challenges by combining molecular selectivity with high chemical stability, reusability, and design flexibility. This mini-review is the first to highlight the exclusive use of MIPs for creatinine detection. State-of-the-art MIP-based creatinine detection platforms are critically summarized, highlighting recent progress and general performance trends rather than technical details. Key challenges that currently limit clinical translation are briefly discussed, along with future opportunities for advancing MIP-enabled creatinine sensing toward reliable, low-cost, and portable diagnostic solutions. Overall, this review underscores the growing potential of molecular imprinting to support next-generation creatinine diagnostics, beyond traditional laboratory-based assays.

Meat safety and quality control require analytical tools that are fast, selective, and reliable in complex, lipid- and protein-rich matrices where conventional laboratory methods are often too slow, costly, and centralized. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), often described as plastic antibodies generated through templated polymerization, are emerging as a powerful alternative to biological receptors due to their tunable selectivity, high chemical and thermal stability, and ease of integration into portable sensing platforms. This review provides a focused, meat-centric and forward-looking synthesis of MIP design and sensing innovations for detecting veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, spoilage biomarkers, and meat-borne pathogens. We critically compare key fabrication routes (bulk, surface-grafting, core-shell, emulsion and Pickering emulsion polymerizations), highlighting strategies such as hierarchical templating, epitope, and multi-template imprinting to improve binding-site accessibility and reduce nonspecific adsorption in real meat extracts. We then map how MIPs couple with modern transducers, including nanomaterial-enhanced electrochemical platforms, fluorescence and quantum dot systems, and SERS-active composites, as well as QCM and paper-microfluidic formats for low-infrastructure screening. Finally, we consider how emerging innovations may advance MIP-based sensors from laboratory concepts to practical tools, enabling decentralized, real-time monitoring throughout the meat supply chain from processing to retail and consumption.

This work compares laser-induced graphene electrodes (LIGEs) and screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) for electrochemical sensing. LIGEs, fabricated via one-step CO2 laser scribing of polyimide, exhibited a 3D porous network with abundant edge-plane sites, yielding a current density sixfold greater than bare SPGEs. While modifications improved SPGEs, they reduced LIGE activity by blocking its porous morphology. Raman and SEM analyses confirmed LIGE’s superior structural properties, balancing defects and graphitic regions. The optimized LIGE was successfully applied as a sensor for ascorbic acid (AA) detection with a linear range of 1–100 µM, a 0.8 µM detection limit, and 96%–100% recovery in artificial sweat. Environmental assessment revealed LIGE fabrication reduces carbon footprint by ~97.7% and achieves an "excellent green" Eco-Scale score of 93. LIGEs represent a sustainable, high-performance platform for next-generation biosensors.

The present study focuses on the synthesis of coconut shell-derived biochar (BC), molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (BC/MoS ₂ /PAA) composite.

Converting waste materials to value-added products is a key strategy for sustainable resource management. In this study, soot generated from the combustion of various biomass sourcesincluding apricot (AP) shells, pistachio (PS) shells, hazelnut (HZ) shells, a combination of apricot and pistachio shells, and a mixture of hazelnut, apricot, and pistachio shellswas collected and systematically characterized using SEM–EDS, BET, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR analysis. The result obtained shows that the HZ + AP + PS soot has the largest surface area (76.66 m2/g), highest mass % of carbon (75.65%), abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, and some heteroatoms, which contribute to its promising potential in various applications such as sensors, supercapacitors, batteries, and water treatment. The electrochemical performance of the carbon soot samples using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated promising redox activity, particularly in the HZ + AP + PS soot materials, which exhibited the highest electrochemical performance due to a high specific surface area, while the HZ soot exhibited the lowest, suggesting a promising electrode material for the electrochemical reaction. Additionally, batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that all soot samples efficiently removed Pb­(II) and norfloxacin antibiotic from aqueous solutions, achieving adsorption efficiencies of ∼91% at pH 6 and up to ∼99% within 60 min. The HZ + AP + PS soot shows a high electrochemical performance in the detection of streptomycin. The novel findings in this work indicate that the ternary biomass-derived carbon (HZ + AP + PS) soot has substantial potential as a sustainable and cost-effective material for electrochemical applications (sensors, batteries, or supercapacitors) and as an efficient adsorbent for water detoxification.