Anjaly Babu

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising alternative technology for sustainable energy harvesting, which is aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7). Strategies such as optimizing material selection, modifying surface morphology, and engineering interfacial structures have been explored to enhance TENG performance. However, the role of semiconductor metal oxides in TENG applications remains relatively underexplored. In this manuscript, the role of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), particularly its rutile and anatase phases, in improving the output performance of TENGs is investigated. The fabricated TiO₂‐based TENGs are systematically analyzed, revealing that rutile‐phase TiO₂ demonstrated superior performance compared to anatase, with a 1.25‐fold increase in voltage and a 1.16‐fold increase in current. This enhancement is attributed to rutile's higher dielectric constant, improved charge mobility, and optimized surface morphology. The optimized TiO₂‐based TENG achieved impressive performance metrics, including a voltage output of 500 V, a current output of 140 µA, and a power density of 8.16 W m ^{− 2} , making it highly suitable for self‐powered applications. The present findings underscore the viability of TiO₂‐based TENGs as a scalable and efficient energy solution, paving the way for sustainable and self‐powered applications.

This study explores using metal–organic framework materials, notably MIL‐88 A and BaTiO₃, as multifunctional additives within polydimethylsiloxane to boost the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). This novel approach has significantly improved the TENG device's efficiency, making it an effective triboelectric layer. The developed TENG device produces an open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and maximum power density of 486 V, 160 μA, and 5.82 W m⁻², respectively. The fabricated TENG device is used to power 360 light emitting diodes and various self‐powered electronic devices. A unique feature of the study is the transformation of acoustic energy into electrical energy using the TENG device. A small‐sized TENG is attached to a loudspeaker's diaphragm, converting sounds from various musical instruments and animal noises into electrical signals. This capability opens up new avenues for harnessing ambient acoustic energy, a largely untapped resource.

Nanogenerator (NG) is a potential technology that allows to build self‐powered systems, sensors, flexible and portable electronics in the current Internet of Things (IoT) generation. Nanogenerators include piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), convert different forms of mechanical motion into useful electrical signals. They have evolved and expanded their applications in various fields since their discovery in 2006 and 2012. Material selection is crucial for designing efficient NGs, with high conversion efficiencies. In the recent past, crystalline porous mat erials (metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs)) have been widely reported as potential candidates for nanogenerators, owing to their special properties of large surface area, porosity tailoring, ease of surface, post‐synthesis modification, and chemical stability. The present organized review provides a complete overview of all the crystalline porous materials (CPMs)‐based nanogenerator devices reported in the literature, including synthesis, characterization, device fabrication, and potential applications. Additionally, this review article discusses current challenges, future directions, and perspectives in the field of CPMs‐NGs.

Medical waste X-ray films are used to fabricate a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The high-power density of (1.39 W m⁻²) TENG demonstrated its potential applications in self-powered devices, sensors, and smart buildings.