Kaniz Fatima Mohsin

This research aims to discover how human rights have been blended into health literature over time. The time frame of the reviewed literature was 1963 to February 2022. We retrieved the bibliometric dataset from Scopus. After compiling and processing the dataset, we finally got 5,458 documents on health and human rights issues. We used the open-source visualization software package Vos viewer 1.6.18 to process and analyze the data. The visualization focused on the top authors, most influential publications by citations, and most productive countries. The lexical network analysis shows that ‘public health’, ‘HIV/AIDS’, ‘mental health’, and ‘ethics’ are frequently associated words with ‘human rights’. The USA, UK, Canada, and Australia are the top four countries dominating the field. Collaboration among the developed nations is much higher than among world's developing countries. The University of Toronto, the University of British Columbia, and the University of Western Ontario are the top three organizations in Canada leading the research on health and human rights issues based on citations. However, if we consider publication's growth, the USA ranked first. Human rights have been perfectly blended in health literature, but a large gap exists in their spatial distribution and in making collaboration. A strong north-north and very weak south-south pattern in research collaboration are evident in visual effects that demand strong attention for future research.

Background: Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment is one of many countries’ main financing options for health care. High OOP payments push them into financial catastrophe and the resultant impoverishment. The infrastructure, society, culture, economic condition, political structure, and every element of the physical and social environment influence the intensity of financial catastrophes in health expenditure. Hence, the incidence of Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) must be studied more intensively, specifically from regional aspects. This systematic review aims to make a socio-ecological synthesis of the predictors of CHE. Method: We retrieved data from Scopus and Web of Science. This review followed PRISMA guidelines. The interest outcomes of the included literature were the incidence and the determinants of CHE. This review analyzed the predictors in light of the socio-ecological model. Results: Out of 1436 screened documents, fifty-one met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies were quantitative. The studies analyzed the socioeconomic determinants from the demand side, primarily focused on general health care, while few were disease-specific and focused on utilized care. The included studies analyzed the interpersonal, relational, and institutional predictors more intensively. In contrast, the community and policy-level predictors are scarce. Moreover, neither of the studies analyzed the supply-side predictors. Each CHE incidence has different reasons and different outcomes. We must go with those case-specific studies. Without the supply-side response, it is difficult to find any effective solution to combat CHE. Conclusion: Financial protection against CHE is one of the targets of sustainable development goal 3 and a tool to achieve universal health coverage. Each country has to formulate its policy and enact laws that consider its requirements to preserve health rights. That is why the community and policy-level predictors must be studied more intensively. Proper screening of the cause of CHE, especially from the perspective of the health care provider’s perspective is required to identify the individual, organizational, community, and policy-level barriers in healthcare delivery.

Aim: The study aims to investigate the implication of employment status on individuals’ mental and physical health status in Bangladesh. Method: Administering a semi-structured interview schedule, data were collected from 320 participants applying the multi-stage random sampling technique from the metropolitan area of Khulna city. An unpaired t-test was executed to observe the comparative scenario of mental health and socio-demographic conditions of different health-bearing classes. Also, logistic regression and the OLS model were executed to assess the association between employment status and physical and mental health status. BMI and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) were applied to measure the physical and mental health status, respectively. Results: Results revealed that employed individuals were more exposed to physical and mental health disorders compared to unemployed individuals. The employed individuals were at higher risk of being unhealthy, and suffering from back pain and sickness than the unemployed individuals. Results suggested that the employed individuals were expected to get involved more in mental health risk behavior (0.766, p Recommendations:Insurance coverage, motivational programs, change in lifestyle and workplace environment development can be initiated from both employer and government levels for better health outcomes.

Objectives This study aimed to measure healthcare-seeking behaviour and determine its associated factors among older people in the slums of the Khulna City Corporation (KCC) areas of Bangladesh. Design Cross-sectional survey. Settings Four slums in the KCC areas of Bangladesh. Participants The participants were selected following a two-stage area probability sampling with the following specifications: they must be aged ≥60 years and must have lived in the slums of KCC for at least 5 consecutive years. Outcome measures A semistructured interview schedule was administered to determine participants’ healthcare-seeking behaviour, with healthcare-seeking behaviour measured through a dichotomous response of ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Results 636 participants were included in the study. Gastrointestinal problems (75.3%) and aches and pains (71.5%) were the two most common health problems among older people in the slums of KCC. Older adults in their 80s had higher adjusted odds of attaining healthcare services (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.028; 95% CI: 1.140 to 3.609; pConclusion Age, education, marital status and SDL index were significant predictors for the healthcare-seeking behaviour of older people in KCC slums. Effective strategies need to be implemented to reduce existing access barriers to healthcare services for older people in the slum areas of urban Bangladesh.