Lingfei Han

The evaluation of compound genotoxicity is of great significance for drug safety assurance, and the existing evaluation methods have the problems of false‐positive/negative, low throughput, or complicated operation. Although enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kits targeting some genotoxic targets have high throughput, there are limitations in sensitivity and stability due to the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In this study, an integrated evaluation platform based on novel sea urchin‐like platinum‐coated gold nanoparticles (Pt/Au NPs) was developed to address the above problems. Pt/Au NPs nanozymes were synthesized by deposition of a platinum layer on the surface of gold seeds. The nanozymes exhibited excellent peroxidase activity as well as superior stability compared to natural enzymes. Pt/Au NPs nano‐enzymes were replaced for the construction of nano‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (NLISA), which has better sensitivity and stability, decreasing the acquired amount of test compounds. Through quantification of genotoxicity damage markers, phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) and phosphorylated histone H3 (p‐H3) in metabolic human hepatocytes, this study has proposed a “see‐saw” model to differentiate the genotoxic compounds of DNA breakage or aneuploidy: the breakage agent can significantly increase γH2AX levels, whereas the aneuploidy agent can increase p‐H3 levels. Therefore, this microplate‐based high‐throughput colorimetric detection method can provide an efficient assessment tool for drug safety.

This study develops an Au@ZIF-8-based adsorption–catalysis integrated system, offering a novel strategy for structural detoxification and MS-sensitized detection of nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceuticals.

Bacterial detection remains a global public health challenge, demanding rapid and precise detection strategies. Conventional nucleic acid or antigen-based assays face challenges of high costs and contamination risks. Conversely, bacterial enzymes represent attractive targets due to their strain-specific expression and inherent catalytic amplification capacity. Herein, we developed an enzyme-responsive dual-barrel nanopipette with heterogeneously modified nanointerfaces for sensitive, label-free, multiplex bacterial detection. Two independently functionalized channels integrate enzyme-triggered surface charge switching with nanofluidic ionic current rectification (ICR) characterization. Exposure to β-galactosidase (β-Gal) or β-glucuronidase (β-Glu) selectively alters channel surface charges, thereby modulating interchannel charge asymmetry. Leveraging bacterial enzymatic fingerprints, the nanopipette generates species-specific ICR signatures for label-free quantification within 30 min, achieving detection limits of 12 CFU/mL for E. coli and 126 CFU/mL for K. pneumoniae. The practical applicability was validated across diverse complex matrices: recovery rates of 97.49-106.94% in milk and drinking water, and 101.37-113.91% in serum (5000-50,000 CFU/mL), demonstrating its potential for diagnosing moderate bacterial infections. The innovation lies in the label-free operation, rapid response, and multiplexing capability of this sensor, which addresses critical limitations in current bacterial monitoring systems and offers a cost-effective on-site pathogen screening platform for applications spanning food safety and clinical diagnostics.

As an important component of the tumor microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) generally undergoes extensive remodeling, acting as a shield to block drug delivery and immune recognition. Currently, ECM-clearing strategies for tumor treatment still face challenges. In this work, a type of europium metal-organic nanowire was prepared for targeting the highly expressed sialic acid (SA) on glycoproteins within the ECM. The nanowire, termed TFE, was prepared by coordination reaction of thiodiacetic acid (TDA) with Fe³⁺ and Eu³⁺. Eu³⁺ can competitively chelate to the highly expressed SA in ECM, leading to the release of Eu³⁺ from TFE. The precursors of the TFE can be injected directly into the tumor site, forming a gel-like morphology within ∼1 min. The TFE can effectively encapsulate cancer cells, disrupt the ECM integrity, and stimulate immune recognition and ferroptosis. Moreover, the TFE demonstrated dual diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities by embedding fluorescent drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), enabling ECM-targeted theranostics.