Arshad Mahdi Hamad

In our study, for the first time worldwide, to the best of our knowledge, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO NPs) were synthesized using naringin (Nar) extracted from citrus peels. The properties of the prepared Nar-CoO NPs were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All the test results demonstrated the efficiency and success of the nanofabrication process. The solution was then exposed to three types of diode lasers: red (650 nm), green (532 nm), and blue (405 nm). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the diode laser on the inhibitory activity of Nar-CoO NPs against common bacterial species causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), namely Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The inhibitory effect was greater against E. coli than against S. aureus. The molecular docking of naringin with a set of important proteins in the studied bacteria was also investigated. For E. coli, the proteins 1BTL, 9N6C, 6GTS, and 5FCD were targeted, yielding binding affinities of -7.6 to -10.2 kcal/mol. For S. aureus, the proteins 1BQB, 3RTL, 4M00, and 7PCH were targeted, yielding binding affinities ranging from -7.5 to -9.1 kcal/mol. We concluded that the synthesis process was efficient and that the ligand played a crucial role in inhibiting the functions of many proteins essential for virulence, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance, as demonstrated by its high inhibitory activity.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized via an innovative green synthesis method using amygdalin (Am) as a reducing agent and the Nd: YAG laser as a catalyst. We studied the properties of the nanoparticles using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. All the results of the examination demonstrate excellent structural and optical properties. In addition, the molecular docking of the complex composed of amygdalin and AgNPs was tested on three proteins concerned with the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their resistance to antibiotics. These proteins, 4QU3, 7MQK, and 2UWJ had -6.82, -6.64, and -6.41 binding affinity (kcal/mol), respectively. The antimicrobial activity was tested on multi-drug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates from wounds and burns, confirming their potential as effective antibacterial agents, with the inhibition rate reaching (20.73 mm) for wound isolations at a concentration of (5 mM) for Am-AgNPs. A cytotoxicity test (MTT) was tested for (24 h) on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFn) and human melanoma cells (A375). Compared to the normal cell line, the outcomes against the cancer line were exceptional. The objective of this research is to rapidly produce AgNPs in an environmentally favorable manner. The therapeutic efficacy of Am-AgNPs against MDR P. aeruginosa isolated from wounds and burns, as well as the synthetic nanomaterial's efficacy against the skin cancer line, creates new opportunities for the treatment of intractable diseases caused by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, in addition to cancer.

This study aimed to prepare aqueous Dianthus caryophyllus L extract and test its anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells (MCF-7 is a breast cancer cell lin This study aimed to prepare aqueous Dianthus caryophyllus L extract and test its anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells (MCF-7 is a breast cancer cell lin

Severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 caused by coronavirus 2 is responsible for SARS that led to the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent studies have demonstrated a high correlation between secondary bacterial infections and worse outcomes and death in COVID-19 patients. The extensive use of medicines during the last SARS-CoV epidemic led to an increase in the prevalence of multi-drug-resistant germs. Nanoparticles have important characteristics and applications in health, industry, and applied fields, etc. In medical fields, they curb and stop antibiotic-resistant diseases and pathogens. In this study, strawberry leaf extract was used to synthesize copper nanoparticles. The benefits of copper nanoparticles in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S.aureus bacteria isolated from COVID-19 patients' sputum were tested using the agar well diffusion method. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S.aureus bacteria play a significant part in the series of bacterial infections that arise with COVID-19 infection. (1 ml) of strawberry leaf extract was mixed with (50 ml) of copper chloride solution prepared at a concentration of 2mM at room temperature. The mixture was blended for 7 hours to produce copper nanoparticles with a concentration of 2 mM as a stock solution in an environment-friendly manner. The first indication of the production of copper nanoparticles was the increase in the color intensity of the mixture after 7 hours. The nanoparticles were detected using UV spectrophotometers, and a scanning electron microscope SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV-VIS spectral, which appeared at the absorbance of two absorptive peaks, namely: 299 and 804 nm. UV-VIS spectral examination was conducted after a month and was very intense. It also showed two absorbance peaks (300 and 805nm) with increasing intensity. This is evidence of the insolubility of the nanomaterial and its stability over the month. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the dimensions of the prepared copper nanoparticles ranged between (46.59 and 58.82 nm). The production of copper nanoparticles in this inexpensive and environmentally friendly biological way has given excellent results in inhibiting the growth of bacteria isolated from COVID-19 patients. The effectiveness of copper nanoparticles was tested against cancerous cells isolated from laryngeal carcinoma, called HeP-2, of a 60-year-old man. The concentration of 50% of the copper nanoparticle solution, which is equivalent to 0.5 mM, gave an inhibition rate of 44.081% in cell cultures. Its effect was compared with the sensitivity of the normal cell line of liver cells (WRL-68); the concentration of 50%, which is equivalent to 0.5 mM, gave an inhibition rate of 5.997% in cell cultures, which showed a good affinity for copper nanoparticles. From this, we conclude that the copper nanoparticles were more effective in inhibiting cancerous cell lines than the normal ones.

In present study, we used Olea europaea leaf extract to biosynthesize in situ Copper Oxide nanocrystals (CuO @OVLe NCs) with powerful antibacterial and anti-cancer capabilities. Physio-chemical analyses, such as UV/Vis, FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM, were applied to characterize CuO @OVLe NCs. The UV/Vis spectrum demonstrated a strong peak at 345 nm. Furthermore, FTIR, XRD, and EDX validated the coating operation’s contact with colloidal CuO @OVLe NCs. According to TEM and SEM analyses, CuO @OVLe NCs exhibited a spherical shape and uniform distribution of size with aggregation, for an average size of ~75 nm. The nanoparticles demonstrated a considerable antibacterial effect against E. faecium bacterial growth, as well as an increased inhibition rate in a dose-dependent manner on the MCF-7, PC3, and HpeG2 cancer cell lines and a decreased inhibition rate on WRL-68. Molecular docking and MD simulation were used to demonstrate the high binding affinity of a ligand (Oleuropein) toward the lectin receptor complex of the outer membrane to vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREfm) via amino acids (Leu 195, Thr 288, His 165, and Ser 196). Hence, our results expand the accessibility of OVLe’s bioactive components as a promising natural source for the manufacture of physiologically active components and the creation of green biosynthesis of metal nanocrystals.