Marius Miluț

Urban planning is a dynamic and complex field aimed at the organized and sustainable development of cities and urban areas. This involves the efficient management of natural, economic, and social resources while ensuring a controlled and harmonious growth of infrastructure. The recent development of advanced technologies has had a significant impact on the way cities are planned, systematized, and developed. Among the most promising technologies that have revolutionized urban planning are UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), photogrammetric processing techniques, 3D scanning and modeling methods, and GIS systems (geographic information systems). UAVs, due to their ability to collect accurate data from height, have become an essential tool for obtaining images and information for urban analysis. After photogrammetric processing or 3D modeling and integration of digital results into GIS systems, simulations and analyses can be performed to support decision-making in urban development. This article aims to explore in detail the possibilities of using UAVs, photogrammetric and 3D modeling methods, and GIS systems in urban planning, highlighting their advantages, applications, and challenges.

Land use and land cover are the main anthropogenic factors that lead to the rapid and aggressive degradation of land and interfere with the functioning of ecosystems, especially through the expansion of urbanization and the reduction in forested areas. The purpose of this article is to identify sources of official data and to build an updated dataset upon which analysis algorithms can be applied. Basic analyses were performed on the dataset to study the evolution of land use and land cover in Romania during the period 1990–2022 and to analyze whether they align with and support national and European strategies for economic development. The study is based on the historical evolution of land use and land cover over the past 30 years, which has allowed us to identify current trends and to analyze potential future positive and negative effects, and facilitates the adoption of documented corrective measures. The methodology applied is based on the collection and analysis of historical data obtained mainly from the TEMPO database managed by the National Institute of Statistics and from the annual reports of the National Environmental Protection Agency, analyzing these data, identifying current trends, and issuing specific recommendations. Monitoring the dynamics of land use during the mentioned period allowed us to identify the most important developments with positive effects (a slight increase in forested areas and minimal variations in arable land) but mostly negative effects (a drastic reduction in areas occupied by vineyards and orchards, a decrease in areas occupied by water, and a concerning increase in unproductive land). The results highlight the importance of the immediate implementation of the national general cadastre system, as well as the importance of implementing appropriate policies, legislative provisions, and land management practices aimed at environmental protection and supporting sustainable development and biodiversity in general.

The paper presents the field and office stages for the preparation of the technical documentation for the systematic registration of a cadastral sector, according to the regulations in force. The elevation of detail points in the systematic registration work was achieved using GNSS receivers, as they have increased accuracy, better performance and increased profitability.The main stages of the systematic registration process are: carrying out the information campaign at the local level with the aim of informing citizens about the start of the systematic registration works in the established cadastral sectors and about the importance of these works; carrying out the work preceding the systematic registration process; carrying out specialized technical works within the systematic registration process; recording information from the sporadic cadastre and updating them, as appropriate, following the collection of information from the field; reception by the local office of technical cadastral documents; publication of cadastral technical documents; updating technical documents as a result of resolving requests for rectification and appeals; finalization of technical documents after the expiration of the appeals resolution period.

The work presents the method of drawing up the technical documentation for the systematic registration of a cadastral sector, this being considered a fast and precise method of determining the surfaces and their registration in the Land Register. The cadastral sector is part of the territorial administrative unit Studina, OltCounty. To carry out the work, GNSS technology was used using the ALTUS APS-3 GPS receiver, the elevation being carried out in the Stereographic 1970 projection system. Based on the measurements made on the ground and the documents provided by the town hall, it was checked whether the surface is equal to the surface in the property documents of the respective land. After checking the surface, using the specialized software Mapsys 10 and AutoCad, the cadastral plan was drawn up, with the reporting of the 91 buildings that are part of the cadastral sector.

The geotechnical study resulted from the need to know the foundation land in order to properly place the investment and includes the geotechnical exploration works performed in the site area, with the aim of providing the data necessary to solve the basic problems specifying the aspects related to: the stratification of the land on the site; physical-mechanical characteristics of existing soils; admissible pressures at different foundation levels; probable settlements; framing of field excavations; frost depth; seismic framing; hydrogeological data.

The analysis of the impact of the organic and mineral fertilization systems on the production and sustainability of the temporary grasslands in Romania represents a decisive step in establishing the optimal management in such a technology. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of these two types of fertilization on hay production, floristic structure, chemical composition–nutritional quality, economic efficiency, and sustainability, in order to improve the cultural technology. The study was carried out in the area of Horezu, Romania. A mixture of five fodder plants was used in the study—Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, and Lotus corniculatus—which were sown in two fertilization systems: mineral and organic. The research was carried out between 2017 and 2020, very different years from a climatic point of view. The year 2017 was used to establish the autumn experience, so it is incomplete and was not used in the interpretation of the obtained results. The results of our research contribute to the implementation of better technology for the cultivation of temporary grasslands because the statistical interpretation established that they are significant for all the objectives pursued: production, floristic and chemical composition, and economic efficiency. We recommend small farmers reconsider the use of an organic fertilization system, as they can achieve maximum efficiency, improvement of all physical and chemical properties of the soil, and reduction of feed contamination.