Hilal Toygar

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth. It is closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Taurine, a semi‐essential amino acid recognized for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, has not been extensively investigated in the context of periodontitis. This pilot study sought to evaluate the levels of taurine and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with periodontitis.Methods: Systemically healthy participants with periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled. GCF samples were collected, and clinical periodontal parameters such as bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and probing depth (PD) were documented. The levels of taurine, TNF‐α, IL‐1ß, and IL‐16 in the GCF were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: This case‐control pilot study included 40 individuals, divided into 2 groups: 20 periodontally healthy individuals and 20 with stage III, grade B generalized periodontitis. The periodontitis group exhibited significantly higher clinical periodontal parameters than the healthy group (p < 0.05). Taurine levels in GCF were significantly lower, while TNF‐α levels were higher in the periodontitis group (p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were found in IL‐6 and IL‐1β levels (p > 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was observed between BOP and TNF‐α levels (r = 0.581, p = 0.007).Conclusions: These findings indicated increased taurine levels were associated with periodontal health.Plain Language Summary: Periodontitis is a serious disease of the gums that can lead to the loss of teeth by destruction of the supporting tissues. This study investigated the potential link between taurine, a naturally occurring compound with anti‐inflammatory properties, and periodontitis. We measured levels of taurine and inflammation‐related proteins in gum fluid from individuals with healthy gums and those with periodontitis. Subjects with periodontitis had lower levels of taurine and higher levels of the inflammatory protein TNF‐α compared to individuals with healthy gums, suggesting that taurine could be involved in the inflammation processes of periodontitis.

Objective Sirtuin6 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation, homeostasis, and apoptosis, and it has anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases. Lipoxin A4 is a pro-resolving lipid mediator of inflammation and inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Considering that Lipoxin A4 and Sirtuin6 have protective effects on inflammatory diseases, the aim of this study is to determine the possible roles of these molecules on periodontitis inflammation in saliva and serum and to reveal the relationship of these data with clinical periodontal parameters. Material and methods A total of 20 stage III/grade B periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this cross-sectional study (all never smokers and systemically healthy). Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss) were recorded. Saliva and serum levels of Sirtuin6 and Lipoxin A4 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 levels were significantly lower in the periodontitis group than the control group (respectively, p = 0.0098, p = 0.0008). There were negative correlations between all periodontal clinical parameters and saliva Lipoxin A4 level (p < 0.05) and between probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and serum and saliva Sirtuin6 levels (respectively, r = − 0.465 and r = − 0.473, p < 0.05). Conclusions Decreased levels of serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 in periodontitis patients and their correlation with clinical periodontal parameters suggest that serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 may be related with periodontal inflammation. Clinical relevance Scientific rationale for the study: Sirtuin6 is one of seven members of the family of NAD + dependent protein that played an important role in the regulation of inflammation, energy metabolism, homeostasis, and apoptosis. Sirtuin6 is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases. Lipoxin A4 is a lipid mediator that inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, and it has an active role in the resolution of periodontal inflammation. No studies that investigated the potential role Sirtuin6 and its relationship with inflammation resolution and apoptosis mechanisms in severe periodontitis patients. Principal findings: the serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 levels were significantly lower and negatively correlated with clinical periodontal parameters in the patients with periodontitis than the healthy controls. Practical implications: this study shows that serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 may be candidate biomarkers related with periodontal inflammation and estimating to periodontal status. Clinical trial registration NCT05417061.

Objectives: Cigarette consumption is common around the world and besides its negative effects on health, and its effects on periodontitis draw attention. Arginine metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of several systemic inflammatory diseases' including cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine periodontitis and healthy individuals' arginine metabolites and IL‐6 levels in saliva and serum and to evaluate those according to smoking status.Materials and Methods: The study consisted of four groups: healthy individuals (control [C]; n = 20), smokers with healthy periodontium (S‐C; n = 20), nonsmokers with Stage‐III Grade‐B generalized periodontitis (P; n = 20) and smokers with Stage‐III Grade‐C generalized periodontitis (S‐P; n = 18). Periodontal parameters were measured. Analysis of methylated arginine metabolites was performed by LC–MS/MS, and IL‐6 levels were determined by ELISA kits.Results: In nonsmokers, salivary concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) were higher in the periodontitis than control (p < 0.001, p = 0.010). Smokers with periodontitis exhibited higher ADMA (p = 0.033, p < 0.001) and arginine (p = 0.030, p = 0.001) saliva concentrations than smoking and nonsmoking controls.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that salivary concentrations of ADMA and SDMA were associated with periodontitis. Smoking increased ADMA, SDMA and N^G‐monomethyl L‐arginine (L‐NMMA) levels in serum only in periodontitis patients.

Objective: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to compare the clinical outcomes of three different fixed lingual retainers, in terms of effects on periodontal health and success rate. Methods: Forty five patients aged 13 to 25 years were randomly assigned into three groups, using bonded upper and lower lingual retainers. The study groups were as follows: Group 1- Bond-A-Braid®, Group 2- everStick® ORTHO, Group 3- Super-Splint. The follow-up appointments were performed two weeks (Baseline=T0), one month (T1), three months (T2), and six months (T3) after the application of retainers. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), Bleeding in Probing (BOP) and Retainer Failure were assessed at each appointment. Results: The everStick Ortho group showed significantly lower PI values on the upper-lower lingual side after three (p=0.008) and six (p=0.001) months. The everStick Ortho group had significantly lower upper lingual (GI) levels after six months, and lower lingual side levels after one month. The Super-Splint group showed significantly lower PD values on the upper lingual side after six months. The everStick Ortho group presented significantly lower BOP levels after six months on the upper lingual side. No significant differences between the groups (p>0.05) in terms of retainer failure were found. Conclusions: The everStick Ortho group presented better results in terms of periodontal health. The failure rates of the retainers were similar.

Tr en AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı sistemik sağlık üzerinde etkisi kanıtlanmış olan periodontal durumun infertil kadınlarda uygulanan in vitro fertilizasyon tedavisi sonuçları üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: İnfertilite tanısı konmuş kadın hastalardan sosyodemografik veriler bir anket yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Kan testi gününde plak indeksi, gingival indeks, cep derinliği, sondalamada kanama indeksi ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Buna göre; sağlıklı, gingivitisli ve periodontitisli olarak sınıflandırılan hastalar ile kullanılan human chorionic hormon gonadotropin (hCG) dozu, östradiol ve progesteron seviyeleri, transfer edilen embriyo sayıları, oosit sayıları ve gebelik sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, tek yönlü ANOVA, Tukey HDS, Tampane’s T2, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U ve ki-kare testleri kullanılmıştır. BULGULAR: Gruplar arasında oosit sayıları, transfer edilen embriyo sayıları ve gebelik sonuçları açısından bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Gruplar arasında hCG günü östradiol seviyesi açısından bir farklılık gözlenmemesine karşın hCG günü progesteron seviyesi periodontitis grubunda sağlıklı ve gingivitisli gruba göre anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur. SONUÇ: Periodontitis grubunda gözlenen progesteron seviyesindeki yükselme IVF sonucunu etkileyebilecek olan eşik değerin altındadır. Periodontal durumun infertilite tedavisi üzerindeki etki mekanizmasının belirlenmesi için geniş ölçekli ve uzun vadeli çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effect of periodontal status, which has been proven to have effects on systemic health, on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment which is applied to infertile women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sociodemographic data have been collected from female patients diagnosed with infertility through a questionnaire. On the day of the blood test, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and bleeding index on probing were measured. Recruited patients were classified into the healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis groups according to the aforementioned criteria. These groups were compared with respect to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) dosage, estradiol and progesterone levels, the number of oocyte and embryos transferred, and pregnancy outcomes. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HDS, Tampane’s T2, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used in this study. RESULTS: The three groups were statistically similar in the aspect of retrieved oocytes, transferred embryos and pregnancy outcomes. Although three groups had statistically similar in terms of estradiol levels on the day of hCG administration, progesterone levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to healthy and gingivitis groups. CONCLUSIONS: This elevation in progesterone levels observed in the periodontitis group is below the threshold level which could affect the IVF outcomes. Large scale and long-term studies are needed to clarify the effects of periodontal status on IVF outcomes.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of titanium membrane and compare these findings with clinical outcomes of e‐PTFE membrane, and to investigate the effect of bacterial contamination on both membranes with SEM during long‐term healing. Results: Sixteen titanium and sixteen e‐PTFE membranes were surgically placed adjacent to periodontally involved teeth. Seven titanium and 8 e‐PTFE membranes were exposed between 4 and 6 weeks. There were no significant difference between groups for plaque and gingival index. Probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were decreased in both groups when compared with baseline; however, these differences were not statistically significant. The CAL gains between the groups were statistically different in 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 24th months (p < 0.05), and the CAL gain was significantly higher in titanium membrane (p < 0.05). There was significant decrease in bleeding on probing from baseline in both groups (p < 0.05). Surfaces of 15 membranes were studied using SEM. The largest amount of bacteria was found on the external cervical surfaces of 15 exposed specimens. The entire surface showed the presence of slough epithelial cells, leukocytes, red blood cells, yeast, and microbial plaque. Thirteen external mid surfaces of the 15 specimens, external apical surfaces of three e‐PTFE and 1 titanium membrane, internal collar surfaces of all specimens, internal mid surfaces of 5 e‐PTFE and three titanium membranes and internal apical surface of only one e‐PTFE membrane were infected. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that titanium membrane is equivalent to e‐PTFE membranes for GTR in the treatment of periodontal defects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009