Francesco Giovanni Celiberto

Heavy‐flavor fragmentation provides a quantitative framework for investigating the production of hidden‐heavy tetraquarks at large transverse momentum. A new generation of multimodal fragmentation functions for hidden‐heavy scalar tetraquarks, denoted TQHL2.0 , is introduced within the heavy‐flavor nonrelativistic evolution ( HF‐NRevo ) scheme. Two complementary microscopic production mechanisms, direct and scalar‐diquark fragmentation, are embedded into a common perturbative description together with a replica‐based treatment of perturbative and nonperturbative fragmentation uncertainties. The resulting phenomenology shows that the relative importance of the two fragmentation mechanisms depends strongly on the internal structure of the produced tetraquark, establishing a state‐driven fragmentation paradigm that naturally distinguishes hidden‐charm and hidden‐bottom systems. Rapidity‐differential observables remain sensitive to these microscopic formation mechanisms after perturbative evolution and convolution with proton parton distributions. TQHL2.0 provides a systematically improvable basis for precision studies of exotic‐hadron production at present and future colliders, indicating that the microscopic fragmentation mechanism is itself a state‐dependent property of hidden‐heavy tetraquarks.

Recent experimental advances in the baryon sector, including the observation of doubly charmed states, have renewed interest in the production mechanisms of increasingly heavy hadronic systems, calling for precision and uncertainty-controlled descriptions. We present the 31.1 framework for the fragmentation of same-flavor all-heavy Ω 3 Q baryons in high-energy hadronic collisions. The construction combines diquark-inspired inputs for constituent-heavy-quark and gluon channels with threshold-aware DGLAP evolution within the scheme. A replica-based strategy consistently quantifies perturbative missing-higher-order effects and nonperturbative wave-function uncertainties, yielding the first uncertainty-resolved fragmentation-function set for the Ω 3 Q sector. The resulting LHAPDF6 grids are employed to investigate semi-inclusive Ω 3 Q plus jet production at the HL-LHC and future circular collider within the (sym)JETHAD environment. The 31.1 framework establishes a precision-oriented baseline for rare triply heavy baryons and provides a foundation for future studies of the heavy-flavor baryon landscape.

We present an uncertainty-aware description of leading-power fragmentation for all-charm pentaquark states ( S -wave | c c c c c ¯ ⟩ ) at hadron colliders. We construct a multimodal set of collinear fragmentation functions, , incorporating both perturbative and nonperturbative uncertainties. Perturbative effects are estimated via missing higher-order variations, while the nonperturbative wave function is modeled through controlled modifications of its transverse-momentum structure, consistently combined within a replicalike framework. The initial-scale input for constituent charm fragmentation is refined to describe both compact multiquark and diquark-driven production mechanisms. We employ the (sym) interface to study NLL / NLO + (next-to-leading logarithmic/next-to-leading order) semi-inclusive pentaquark-plus-jet production at the HL-LHC and future Future Circular Collider. The bottom sector is left to future dedicated studies due to its enhanced sensitivity to nonperturbative modeling. Our results provide a flexible framework for uncertainty-controlled predictions, bridging exotic-hadron structure, heavy-flavor fragmentation, and high-energy QCD.

We present the fragmentation functions for the production of all-heavy (fully heavy) S -wave tetraquarks ( T 4 Q ) with scalar ( 0 + + ), axial-vector ( 1 + − ), and tensor ( 2 + + ) quantum numbers in high-energy hadronic collisions. This work extends the previous framework by incorporating nonconstituent heavy-quark contributions and introducing a replica-based uncertainty-quantification strategy derived from multiscale variations (MHOUs). The construction follows a nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (QCD) factorization approach, combining gluon- and heavy-quark-initiated fragmentation channels at leading power. Initial-scale inputs are modeled through updated potential-inspired wave functions, while the subsequent Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution is performed via the threshold-aware scheme. A comprehensive systematic analysis of uncertainties is carried out, with contributions from color-composite long-distance matrix elements (LDMEs) and perturbative multiscale inputs. The resulting grids, publicly released in format, provide the first complete phenomenological set for all-heavy exotics, enabling precise studies of all-charm tetraquark production and jet-associated observables within the environment. This article completes the high-energy resummation-driven generation of the program and establishes a definitive baseline for future collider-oriented analyses of all-heavy multiquark dynamics.

In this paper, we investigate the production of a fully charmed tetraquark state T 4 c in p p collisions at forward rapidities through the fragmentation mechanism considering the color glass condensate formalism and the solution of the running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. The contributions of gluon- and charm-initiated processes are taken into account, and the impact of an intrinsic charm component in the proton’s wave function is estimated. Predictions for the transverse momentum distribution of the T 4 c state are presented assuming different rapidities, distinct quantum numbers of the state and center-of-mass energies. Our results indicate that the higher cross section is associated with the production of a tensor state T 4 c ( 2 + + ) , which is dominated by the gluon-initiated process. In contrast, the production of the axial-vector state T 4 c ( 1 + − ) is dominated by the charm-initiated process and is very sensitive to the presence (or not) of an intrinsic charm.