Armenak Valer'Evich Arutyunov

To evaluate the effectiveness of osteogenesis in the peri-implant defect using different scaffold matrices, it is necessary to perform accurate informative studies such as scanning electron microscopy and spectral analysis.Objective: to study the structure and elemental composition of bone tissue on the surface of dental implants in the periimplant defect after the introduction of scaffolds based on a spongy-cortical mixture of allogeneic origin, collagen, and hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate with pre-implanted ectomesenchymal cells.On the obtained peri-implantitis model in 12 experimental one-year-old North Caucasian sheep, surgical treatment of the peri-implant defect was performed using scaffolds on a matrix of spongy-cortical mixture of allogeneic origin (group 1), collagen (group 2), and hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (group 3). Dental implants with SA-surface (1 subgroup in each group) and CA-surface (2 subgroup in each group) were installed. Scanning electron microscopy and spectral analysis were performed 3 months after extraction of dental implants together with bone regenerate.Microelement composition of bone regenerate around dental implants of group 2 of subgroup 2 differed significantly from the composition of other samples. Content by weight of oxygen (53.9 %), calcium (11.36 %), phosphorus (7.04 %) corresponds to the composition of calcium hydroxyapatite, which indicates high mineralization of newly formed bone tissue.The most effective osteogenesis was noted in the subgroup 2 of group 2, where the organic component – collagen – acted as a matrix for the scaffold.

INTRODUCTION. The study of the structure of the septa in the area of the maxillary sinus floor is important when planning implantation and sinus lifting operations. The height, number and location of the septa can affect the course of the sinus lifting operation. The aim is to study the structure of the maxillary sinus septa, their height, size, localization in order to prevent complications during surgical interventions.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The article analyzes CBCT data from 444 patients for the presence of septa in the area of the lower wall of the maxillary sinus. The subjects were divided into two groups: with the presence of premolars and molars (288 CBCT) and with the absence of at least one chewing tooth (156 CBCT). A study of 48 passportized skulls was conducted, the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus was sawed out, the structure of the sinus floor and septa was studied in detail. The ratio of the volume of compact and spongy bone substance in the premolar and molar areas was also measured.RESULTS. The obtained research data allowed us to obtain new information about the number of septa in the case of a complete dentition and partial tooth loss. Due to changes in the processes of sinus pneumatization, the number of septa increases with partial tooth loss. Their presence increases the risk of perforation of the Schneiderian membrane during sinus lift surgery, including the use of scaffolds based on a collagen matrix. However, when installing an implant in the base of the septum, its stability can be ensured, since the septa are some kind of buttresses of the maxillary bone. The ratio of the volume of spongy and compact bone substance in the premolar and molar area changes with age.CONCLUSION. The study found that the presence of coronal septa can cause complications of sinus lift surgery in the form of perforation of the Schneiderian membrane. At the same time, septa, being buttresses of the maxillary bone, can serve as a basis for installing an implant. With partial loss of teeth, the number of coronal septa increases. With age, the ratio of spongy and compact bone substance changes, towards a decrease in the volume of trabecular and an increase in the volume of compact bone.

Волоконно-оптические датчики и системы электрически пассивные, их применяют для измерений деформации, температуры, смещения, давления, электрических токов, магнитных полей, других свойств материалов и окружающей среды. Данные системы обладают рядом преимуществ перед своими электрическими аналогами: высокой пропускной способностью, небольшими размерами и весом, коррозионной стойкостью, геометрической гибкостью. Их можно стерилизовать тепловым паром, излучением или сухим газом, что важно для безопасности применения в медицинских целях. Цель исследования — количественный обзор литературы с систематизацией данных (систематических обзоров, метаанализа данных, исследовательских статей) об использовании волоконно-оптической аппаратуры для диагностики стоматологической патологии. Поиск источников за последние 20 лет проводили в международных электронных базах библиотек PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, the Cochrane Library, опубликованных на всех языках, а также в российских научных электронных библиотеках КиберЛенинка и eLibrary по ключевым словам: optical fiber, optical fiber sensors, diagnostic, dentistry, волоконная оптика, волоконно-оптическая аппаратура, волоконно-оптические датчики, диагностика, стоматология. Для данного обзора отобрано 25 публикаций. Анализ литературы показал перспективность применения портативных селективных волоконно-оптических систем/датчиков для своевременной диагностики и лечения кариеса и его осложнений (применение волоконно-оптической трансиллюминации), выявления трещин эмали в условиях первичной ежедневной медико-санитарной помощи, иных повреждений зубов, тканей пародонта, взаимосвязи зубочелюстных аномалий и постуральных нарушений. Недорогие и простые в эксплуатации системы открывают новые возможности для улучшения общественного здравоохранения и решения социально значимых проблем широкого международного сообщества. Fiber optic sensors and systems are electrically passive, they are used to measure deformation, temperature, displacement, pressure, electric currents, magnetic fields and various other properties of materials and the environment. These systems have a number of advantages over their electrical counterparts — high throughput, small size, light weight, corrosion resistance, geometric flexibility. They can be sterilized with thermal steam, radiation or dry gas, which is important for the safety of medical use. The purpose of the study is a quantitative review of the literature with the systematization of data (systematic reviews, meta-analysis of data, research articles) on the use of fiber-optic equipment for the diagnosis of dental pathology. Over the past 20 years, the search for sources has been carried out in the international electronic databases of the libraries PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, the Cochrane Library, published in all languages, as well as the Russian scientific electronic libraries CyberLeninka and eLibrary by keywords: optical fiber, optical fiber sensors, diagnostic, dentistry, fiber optics, fiber-optic equipment, fiber-optic sensors, diagnostics, dentistry. Twenty five publications have been selected for this review. An analysis of the literature has shown the prospects of using portable selective fiber-optic systems/sensors for the timely diagnosis and treatment of caries and its complications (the use of fiber-optic transillumination), the detection of enamel cracks in primary daily health care, other damage to teeth, periodontal tissues, the relationship of dental anomalies and postural disorders. Inexpensive and easy-to-operate systems open up new opportunities for improving public health and solving socially significant problems of the wider international community.

Поверхность дентального имплантата, имеющего развитый микрорельеф и выраженную шероховатость, способствует лучшей биологической совместимости с костной тканью, уменьшает риск отторжения. Правильно подобранный микрорельеф дентального имплантата может снижать риск бактериального загрязнения и развития воспалительных процессов, способствуя тем самым профилактике периимплантита. Цель — провести сравнительный экспериментальный анализ микрорельефа и элементного состава резьбовой части дентальных имплантатов, применяемых со скаффолдом на основе коллагеновой матрицы. Использовали 6 однолетних овец (баранов) которым под рентгенологическим контролем установили 12 дентальных имплантатов. В зависимости от вида имплантатов животных поделили на 3 группы: I — 4 импланта Mis (Израиль) из титанового сплава с пониженным содержанием кислорода, азота, углерода и железа (Ti6Al4V ELI) совместно со скаффолдом на основе коллагеновой матрицы; II — Osstem (Южная Корея) с ультрагидрофильной поверхностью серии TS-III СА совместно со скаффолдом на основе коллагеновой матрицы; III (контроль) — имплантаты машинной обработки Endure (США). Через 3 месяца после операции изготавливали металлокерамические коронки, которые вводили в прикус. Через 12 и 24 месяцев имплантаты удаляли вместе с окружающими тканями и отправляли на микроскопическое и гистологическое исследование. На режущей поверхности имплантатов I и II группы выявлена высокоорганизованная костная ткань, в составе которой преобладали кислород, углерод, кальций и фосфор. В образцах контрольной группы обнаружена грубоволокнистая ткань с высоким содержанием углерода и кислорода, что более типично для несформированной костной ткани. Остеоинтеграция с костью к поверхностям дентальных имплантатов в I и во II группе (316,4 и 288,7 кН; p<0,001) оказалась более прочной, чем фиксация к титану машинной обработки (78,4±10,4 кН; p<0,002). Это подтвердилось гораздо более высоким усилием, необходимым для отделения имплантата от кости, а также бóльшим количеством ретенционных точек контактов костной ткани с поверхностью дентального имплантата. Использование дентальных имплантатов с развитым микрорельефом и модифицированной поверхностью совместно со скаффолдом на основе коллагеновой матрицы обеспечивает более полноценную остеоинтеграцию в сравнении с дентальными имплантатами машинной обработки. Это подтверждается гистологической картиной и микроэлементным составом при эксплуатации дентальных имплантатов в течение 12 и 24 месяцев. В эти же сроки в контрольной группе качественные характеристики и микроэлементный состав образцов дентальных имплантатов свидетельствовал о низком уровне минерализации. The surface of the dental implant, having a developed microrelief and pronounced roughness, contributes to better biological compatibility with the bone tissue, reduces the risk of rejection. Properly selected microrelief of the dental implant can reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and development of inflammatory processes, thus contributing to the prevention of peri-implantitis. The aim is to carry out the comparative experimental analysis of the microrelief and elemental composition of the threaded part of the dental implants used with the scaffold on the basis of the collagen matrix. . Six year-old sheep (rams) were used and 12 dental implants were placed under the radiologic control. Depending on the type of implants the animals were divided into 3 groups: I — 4 implants Mis (Israel) made of titanium alloy with reduced content of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and iron (Ti6Al4V ELI) together with scaffold on the basis of collagen matrix; II — Osstem (South Korea) with ultrahydrophilic surface of TS-III CA series together with scaffold on the basis of collagen matrix; III (control) — machine-processed implants Endure...

Волоконно-оптические датчики и системы электрически пассивные, их применяют для измерений деформации, температуры, смещения, давления, электрических токов, магнитных полей и различных других свойств материалов и окружающей среды. Данные системы обладают рядом преимуществ перед своими электрическими аналогами — высокой пропускной способностью, небольшими размерами, легким весом, коррозионной стойкостью, геометрической гибкостью. Их можно стерилизовать тепловым паром, излучением или сухим газом, что важно для безопасности при медицинских манипуляциях. Цель исследования — систематизация данных об использовании волоконно-оптической аппаратуры в диагностических медицинских, в том числе стоматологических, целях. Для данного обзора было отобрано 22 публикации. Анализ литературы показал перспективность применения волоконной оптики в стоматологии для улучшения обозрения рабочего поля. Волоконно-оптические химические сенсоры позволяют выявить активность микрофлоры, а мониторинг изменений, вызванных де- и реминерализацией, повышает эффективность профилактики кариеса зубов. Применение волоконно-оптической трансиллюминации для своевременной диагностики и лечения кариеса и его осложнений в условиях первичной ежедневной медико-санитарной помощи способствует снижению распространенности наиболее известных стоматологических заболеваний. Недорогие и простые в эксплуатации системы открывают новые возможности для улучшения общественного здравоохранения и решения социально значимых проблем широкого международного сообщества. Fiber-optic sensors and systems are electrically passive, they are used to measure deformation, temperature, displacement, pressure, electric currents, magnetic fields and various other properties of materials and the environment. These systems have a number of advantages over their electrical counterparts — high throughput, small size, lightweight, corrosion resistance, geometric flexibility. They can be sterilized by thermal steam, radiation or dry gas, which is important for the safety of medical use. The aim of the study — systematization of data on the use of fiber-optic equipment for diagnostic medical, including dental ones, purposes. A total of 22 publications were selected. An analysis of the literature has shown the prospects of using fiber optics in dentistry to improve the visibility of the working field. The use of fiber optics in dentistry improves the visibility of the working field. Fiber-optic chemical sensors can detect the activity of microflora, and monitoring of changes caused by demineralization and remineralization increases the effectiveness of prevention of dental caries. The use of fiber-optic transillumination for the timely diagnosis and treatment of caries and its complications in the conditions of primary daily health care helps to reduce the prevalence of the most common dental diseases.

This article presents the results of analysis of 50 sources of domestic and foreign scientific literature on etiology, clinic, diagnosis, and possibilities of prevention and treatment of torticollis (tortum collum). This pathology attracts much attention due to the fact that it is one of the most common congenital orthopedic deformities, occupying the third place after congenital hip dysplasia and clubfoot. Torticollis can lead to the formation and development of postural disorders and maxillofacial anomalies, the elimination of which requires labor-intensive, expensive, multi-year, complex rehabilitation. In this regard, it is necessary to detect and eliminate the pathology as early as possible. The literature sources we have studied confirm the relevance of the problem and indicate the need to improve the known and create new means of early diagnosis of torticollis in newborn children with the possibility of widespread implementation in practical health care. Key words: congenital muscular torticollis, postural disturbance, maxillofacial anomalies, children

Relevance. The activation of lipid peroxidation in ultrastructural damage to the oral cells and tissues and maintaining periodontal inflammation plays a crucial role in periodontitis development. There is also evidence of the positive role of some calcium-phosphorus metabolism correctors on the condition of inflamed periodontal tissues. Thus, studying the impact of activation of lipid peroxidation and calcium-phosphorus metabolism correctors in chronic periodontitis treatment is of undoubted theoretical and practical interest. The study developed an experimental model of chronic periodontitis, which helped to investigate the effectiveness of therapy with teriparatide (parathormone) and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (Mexidol).Purpose. The study aimed to investigate the impact of activation of lipid peroxidation and calcium-phosphorus metabolism correctors on the periodontium condition in an experimental model of chronic periodontitis.Material and methods. An experimental study included 48 white laborator y male rats weighing 230-280 grams using the author's experimental periodontitis model. Result processing utilized a specialized complex of histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical research methods.Results. Lipid peroxides proved to play a crucial role in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis. The therapy carried out in the main group of animals is a factor initiating the acceleration of restructuring metabolic processes of periodontium cell membrane structures to activate ion transport and increase the activity of membrane-bound enzymes that block the chain reaction of oxygen molecule transgeneration from precursor cells with the formation of aldehydes, peroxides and ketones.Conclusion. The study results substantiate the need for additional prescription of antioxidants and calcium-phosphorus metabolism correctors to maintain the balance of antiradical and antiperoxide compounds.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of chronic apical periodontitis is directly related to the successful impact on the biofilm in the root canal system. Despite recent advances in understanding the effects of bacterial biofilm, there are still many questions concerning bacterial inactivation, and more research in these areas is needed. AIM: To investigate approaches to improve the effectiveness of treating chronic apical periodontitis by combining an antimicrobial drug with sound activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biological material of 40 teeth was obtained as a result of removal according to guidelines to create a model of the process of obturation of a tooths root canal with a calcium hydroxide paste. In the main group, we used the EndoActivator (Dentsply Sirona, USA) system intracanally after introducing the resultant paste with the help of canal filler. The root canal filling was performed using canal filler in the comparison control group. The filling was assessed using a radiovisiograph (Schick Technologies Inc., USA), and the filling of macrocanal and microcanal of the tooth root was examined using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The average score per tooth in the main group was 0.5 points/tooth. The average score per tooth in the control group was 2.05 points/tooth, which was significantly higher than in the main group (p 0.001). A comparison of the proportions of teeth with a certain number of points recorded in the compared groups revealed that teeth with a score of 0 (80%) predominated in the main group, whereas the proportion of such teeth in the control group was 15%; the differences are statistically significant (p 0.001). The data showed that the effectiveness of the root canal filling method with the canal filler and activation of the EndoActivator system resulted in the least complications. CONCLUSION: The use of sonic vibrations of the EndoActivator system causes a dynamic movement of the material in the root canal, aimed at improving its flow and distribution into the dentinal tubules, and contributes to the uniform homogeneity of the filling material in the lumen of the root canal and the absence of voids between the root filling and the walls of the root canal of the tooth.

Background. Treatment and prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases represent a serious general medical and social problem, which remains relevant due to the significant prevalence of periodontitis among the population, as well as the associated loss of teeth and the negative impact of periodontal foci of infection on the body as a whole. Chronic generalized periodontitis is difficult to treat: it is only possible to achieve periods of remission. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical importance to develop further ways to improve methods for treating inflammatory-dystrophic damage of periodontal tissues in chronic generalized periodontitis.Objective. To perform an index estimation of treatment efficacy in patients with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis.Methods. An experimental randomized single-arm study was conducted examining 204 patients diagnosed with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Patient examination and data analysis were carried out at the Dentistry Department of the Stavropol State Medical University and the Department for General Practice Dentistry of the Kuban State Medical University in 2021–2022. The study included patients aged 35 to 65 years diagnosed with moderately severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Patients with somatic diseases in the decompensation stage were not eligible for the study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (closed-envelope method). Group 1 was treated using conventional methods. As well as conventional therapy, Group 2 was prescribed vitamin D (Aquadetrim^® at a dose of 5000 IU once per day while monitoring vitamin D blood level). The third group of patients was prescribed conventional therapy along with the developed pharmacotherapy, which included vitamin D (Aquadetrim^® at a dose of 5000 IU once per day), vitamin A (3.44% oil solution of retinol acetate at a dose of 50 000 IU, 15 min after a morning meal), and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (Mexidol^® at a dose of 125 mg twice a day). In each patient, the treatment efficacy was analyzed in adjacent oral cavity segments (split-mouth design) according to clinical pocket depth, attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. Also, the authors used the X-ray index to assess the condition of osseous structures and the simplified oral hygiene index. The specified indices were estimated prior to treatment and at one and 12 months following treatment. The statistical analysis of study results was performed using Excel Microsoft Office 2016 (Microsoft, USA).Results. The obtained data indicate that the immediate clinical outcomes (after one month) of combination therapy in patients from all three groups were approximately the same. However, the efficacy of treatment measures in the long-term period (12 months) was different, as evidenced by the dynamics of index values. Only in Group 3 patients, the full implementation of pharmacotherapeutic measures as part of the combination therapy of periodontitis ensured a stable therapeutic effect throughout the entire period of observation.Conclusion. The data obtained 12 months following treatment indicate that the additional prescription of the developed pharmacotherapy contributed to prompt inflammation relief in periodontal tissues, providing a stable treatment outcome and long-term remission.

Эффективная терапия хронического генерализованного пародонтита (ХГП) невозможна без понимания взаимосвязи элементов пародонтального комплекса тканей с микрососудистым руслом пародонта, надкостницей, альвеолярного отростка челюсти. Данные литературы об основных источниках васкуляризации кости и надкостницы при ХГП, сопровождающимся резорбцией и атрофией альвеолярной кости, достаточно противоречивы, что обосновывает актуальность исследования структурно-морфологических элементов микроциркуляторного русла пародонта, надкостницы альвеолярной кости челюсти при искусственно смоделированном на экспериментальных животных ХГП. Цель — определить структурно-морфологические элементы микроциркуляторного русла надкостницы альвеолярной кости челюсти при ХГП. В экспериментальное исследование на животных включено 50 кроликов породы серый великан, которые были распределены на 3 группы: интактная, контрольная и основная. У животных контрольной и основной групп после моделирования ХГП лечение было одинаковым, но в основной группе назначался дополнительный комплекс терапии. В контрольной группе в пародонте, в надкостнице альвеолярной части челюстной кости выявлена перестройка микрососудистого русла, характеризующаяся уменьшением количества микрокапилляров, усилением извилистости венул, появлением варикозных расширений, что свидетельствует о снижении интенсивности обменных процессов и тенденции к застою крови. В препаратах основной группы в аналогичных по площади зубоальвеолярных сегментах установлен рост числа микрокапилляров с увеличением диффузионной поверхности исследуемых сосудов, что подтверждает гипотезу о высокой адаптогенной способности микрососудистого русла к усилению оттока крови в условиях воспаления в пародонте: на 1 мм2 надкостницы в контрольной группе в среднем приходилось 72,9±2,24 капилляра, а площадь их диффузионной поверхности составляла 0,35±0,09 мм2. В основной группе поверхность капилляров для одного зубоальвеолярного сегмента составила 4,62 мм2, что достоверно сопоставимо с показателями интактной группы животных (p<0,05), составляя 66,8% диффузионной поверхности всех исследуемых сосудов, при этом на 1 мм2 надкостницы в основной группе в среднем приходилось 88,6±4,08 капилляра, а площадь их диффузионной поверхности составляла 0,86±0,11 мм2. Полученные данные о морфофункциональных изменениях микроциркуляторного русла надкостницы могут быть использованы для оценки эффективности проводимой терапии при лечении ХГП. Effective therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis is impossible without understanding the relationship of the elements of the periodontal tissue complex with the microvascular bed of the periodontal, periosteum, alveolar bone of the jaw. The literature data on the main sources of bone and periosteum vascularization in chronic generalized periodontitis, accompanied by resorption and atrophy of the alveolar bone, are quite contradictory, which justifies the relevance of the study of structural and morphological elements of the microcirculatory bed of the periosteum of the alveolar bone of the jaw with chronic generalized periodontitis artificially modeled on experimental animals. Objectives: determination of structural and morphological elements of the microcirculatory bed of the periosteum of the alveolar bone of the jaw in chronic generalized periodontitis. . The experimental animal study included 50 rabbits of the Gray Giant breed, which were divided into 3 groups: the intact, the control and the main. In the control group and in the main group of animals after modeling chronic generalized periodontitis treatment was the same, but in the main group was prescribed an additional set of therapy. . In the control group in the periosteum of the jaws were detected pseudoinvolutive changes in the terminal bloodstream, which consist in a decrease in the number of microcapillaries per unit area, increased tortuosity of venules, the...