Wei Feng

Coupling phase‐change buffering with passive radiative cooling offers complementary continuous and transient regulation for personal thermal management (PTM). In fibrous systems, however, repeated phase transitions drive molecular rearrangement and thermomechanical stress accumulation, causing fiber deformation, pore collapse, and irreversible deterioration of radiative cooling performance. Herein, inspired by graded stress transfer in mussel byssus, we develop a homologous gradient interphase strategy to construct a core–gradient interphase–shell fibrous membrane (Ho‐GIFM) for durable PTM. During coaxial electrospinning, homologous polyethylene glycol‐based polyurethanes interdiffuse and entangle across the interface, while in situ UV crosslinking stabilizes the interphase. This structure redistributes phase‐change‐induced strain and constrains long‐range chain rearrangement, preserving phase‐change functionality and porous fiber networks. Ho‐GIFM exhibits a broad solid‐solid phase‐transition window (30.2–51.5°C) with a competitive melting enthalpy (60.2 J g ⁻¹ ). Notably, after 100 alternating thermal shocks between −40 and 80°C, Ho‐GIFM retains 99.0% of its initial solar reflectance versus only 74.5% for the heterogeneous counterpart, together with 99.9% mid‐infrared emissivity retention. Furthermore, it delivers a calculated daytime net radiative cooling power of 101.9 W m ⁻² and achieves an average synthetic‐skin temperature reduction of 14.9°C. This work provides an interfacial design strategy for durable PTM and multicomponent functional fibers.

Adhesively bonded carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) joints offer efficient load transfer and weight-saving potential in aerospace structures. The simple geometry of single-lap joints (SLJs) makes them useful for examining bond durability, although the effects of hygrothermal aging on their performance have not been sufficiently investigated. This research systematically integrates moisture absorption experiments, mechanical testing, finite element modeling (FEM), and deep neural network (DNN) modeling to provide a comprehensive analysis of moisture absorption behavior, strength degradation, and the evolution of failure modes within the adhesive layer. Initially, three types of adhesives were aged under various hygrothermal aging conditions to investigate their moisture absorption behavior and mechanical performance after aging. The tensile strength and modulus of the adhesives decreased linearly with increasing moisture uptake. In addition, hygrothermal aging tests were conducted on SLJs. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in joint shear strength during aging, accompanied by a transition in failure mode from cohesive to interfacial. Subsequently, a hygrothermally coupled FE model was developed using the experimental data and combined with a cohesive zone model to simulate joint strength evolution. The FE model achieved a calculation error within 5%. To address the high computational cost associated with finite element analysis of hygrothermal aging in SLJ structures and to enhance the physical interpretability of data-driven models, a novel prediction strategy was introduced. A three-stage serial neural network model was constructed using experimental and simulation data, with the quadratic stress criterion and power-law criterion embedded as physical constraints. Compared to unconstrained models, this physics-constrained neural network exhibited superior prediction accuracy and stability. The proposed method offers a valuable reference for the design and evaluation of the durability of CFRP bonded structures.

Molecular solar thermal (MOST) materials enable reversible energy storage and release through photoisomerization, offering a promising strategy for wearable thermal management. However, bridging molecular‐scale energy storage and device‐level heat utilization remains challenging, as severe convective and radiative losses under windy conditions substantially degrade the thermal output of MOST systems. Here, a dual‐shielding molecular solar thermal fibrous membrane (DS‐MSTFM) is developed by constructing a columnar‐protrusion fibrous substrate with PDMS/air microcavities and an Ag nanosheet radiation‐shielding layer. The swelling–deswelling strategy enables uniform crystalline azobenzene loading with an areal energy density of 10.4 kJ m ⁻² , while fibrous confinement suppresses molecular aggregation and achieves a maximum Z‐isomer fraction of 91.95%. Benefiting from synergistic convection and radiation shielding, DS‐MSTFM exhibits a 5.4‐fold prolonged cooling time constant and a 41.6% reduction in total heat transfer coefficient. Under intensified airflow (2.0 m s ⁻¹ ), DS‐MSTFM exhibits negligible thermal attenuation, whereas pristine MSTFM suffers severe wind‐induced heat dissipation with a 57% loss of heating capability. Furthermore, DS‐MSTFM enables photothermal warming at −20°C and self‐powered pulse and motion monitoring. This work provides a device‐level strategy for overcoming thermal‐loss limitations in MOST systems and enables multifunctional wearable platforms integrating thermal regulation with self‐powered sensing.

Biological systems display an uncanny penchant for self‐deterministic decisions, patterns, and actions, such as phototropism in plants, adaptive camouflage in living animals, and self‐focusing/intelligent vision in arthropod compound eyes. Inspiration from nature and its translation into the design of the next generation of intelligent materials are now in the limelight of research, from fundamental science to technological applications. Liquid crystals (LCs) represent a class of stimuli‐responsive soft matter that can serve as a key building block for smart and intelligent material systems. Bridging LC responsiveness with nanoscale functionalities gives rise to intelligent nanocomposite LC materials, which facilitate advanced development in soft robotics, adaptive camouflage, and transformative optics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of recent developments of bioinspired intelligent nanocomposite materials with responsive LCs and their promising applications, including reinforced LC elastomer nanocomposites for bioinspired soft actuators with self‐sensing functions and built‐in self‐feedback; bioinspired chiral nanocomposites with responsive LCs for adaptive camouflage, chiral plasmonics, and circularly polarized luminescence; and bioinspired reconfigurable metasurfaces with responsive LCs for ultra‐thin adaptive metalenses, dynamic meta‐holographic displays, and advanced beam steering devices. This review provides new insights into fostering interdisciplinary advances spanning nanotechnology, optics, mechanics, chemistry, materials science, and device engineering.

Controlled rapid sintering preserves coherent BaF ₂ nanodomains in a LaF ₃ matrix, enhancing F ⁻ transport in La _0.9 Ba _0.1 F _2.9 (9.45 × 10 ⁻⁴ S cm ⁻¹ at 150 °C). A CuF ₂ |LBF ₄ |Pb cell delivers 491 mA h g ⁻¹ , corresponding to 93% of the theoretical capacity.

Multispectral materials that adaptively regulate structural color and infrared (IR) emissivity in response to environmental changes are highly desirable for adaptive camouflage and wearable thermoregulation. However, the development of humidity‐responsive multispectral materials capable of dynamic visible structural‐color tuning and reversible IR‐emissivity regulation remains challenging. Here, we report a humidity‐responsive MXene‐integrated supramolecular cholesteric liquid‐crystal material (Hygro‐MXene‐CLC) that combines an evaporation‐induced self‐assembled supramolecular CLC layer with a semitransparent cellulose nanofiber (CNF)‐intercalated MXene layer through covalent interfacial bonding. Upon humidity variation, Hygro‐MXene‐CLC exhibits vivid structural‐color modulation, with a reflection peak shift from 467 to 625 nm, together with IR‐emissivity modulation from 35% to 82% over 3–14 µm. Mechanistic analyses reveal that water uptake simultaneously expands the cholesteric pitch and hydrates the CNF/MXene interlayers, producing a Bragg‐reflection red shift and progressive IR‐emissivity increase. Stepwise photopolymerization enables programmable visible–IR patterns, while reversible emissivity switching supports passive thermal regulation by enhancing heat dissipation at high humidity and reducing outward thermal radiation at low humidity. This work provides a promising strategy for humidity‐responsive multispectral materials for smart camouflage and dynamic thermal management.

Multispectral materials that adaptively regulate structural color and infrared (IR) emissivity in response to environmental changes are highly desirable for adaptive camouflage and wearable thermoregulation. However, the development of humidity‐responsive multispectral materials capable of dynamic visible structural‐color tuning and reversible IR‐emissivity regulation remains challenging. Here, we report a humidity‐responsive MXene‐integrated supramolecular cholesteric liquid‐crystal material (Hygro‐MXene‐CLC) that combines an evaporation‐induced self‐assembled supramolecular CLC layer with a semitransparent cellulose nanofiber (CNF)‐intercalated MXene layer through covalent interfacial bonding. Upon humidity variation, Hygro‐MXene‐CLC exhibits vivid structural‐color modulation, with a reflection peak shift from 467 to 625 nm, together with IR‐emissivity modulation from 35% to 82% over 3–14 µm. Mechanistic analyses reveal that water uptake simultaneously expands the cholesteric pitch and hydrates the CNF/MXene interlayers, producing a Bragg‐reflection red shift and progressive IR‐emissivity increase. Stepwise photopolymerization enables programmable visible–IR patterns, while reversible emissivity switching supports passive thermal regulation by enhancing heat dissipation at high humidity and reducing outward thermal radiation at low humidity. This work provides a promising strategy for humidity‐responsive multispectral materials for smart camouflage and dynamic thermal management.

The reliability of flexible electronic encapsulation directly determines the operational lifetime of electronic devices and systems. Fretting friction and wear at the encapsulating interface pose major failure risks under dynamic bending. To address the need for more durable encapsulants, we report a low‐hysteresis, adhesive organogel that couples strong macroscopic adhesion with reduced microscale friction. The material is synthesized by copolymerizing adhesive and lubricious monomers to form a gel network while incorporating small‑molecule lubricants that collectively lower intermolecular chain friction, enabling concurrent tuning of adhesion and hysteresis. The representative gel achieves an adhesion strength up to 162.7 N m ^{− 1} and a hysteresis coefficient as low as ≈0.8% (within the strain ranges of 200%–300% and 300%–400%). Flexible chips encapsulated with this gel maintain stable electrical output, and no significant wear‑induced failures are observed after 50 000 bending cycles. Given that organogels exhibit near‐complete transparency within the visible light range, their excellent applicability in flexible hybrid devices with ambient light sensitivity further highlights their significant potential for advancing the practical application of next‐generation flexible electronics.

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), particularly nematic and cholesteric variants, have emerged as pivotal adaptive intelligent materials due to their unique capacity to reversibly translate microscopic molecular reorientation into macroscopic deformation and optical responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent breakthroughs in LCE‐based adaptive systems, systematically examining their fundamental stimulus‐response mechanisms, network architecture engineering, advanced fabrication techniques, and cutting‐edge applications. Special emphasis is placed on strategies for lowering actuation thresholds to near‐ambient or body temperatures through chemical composition modulation, dynamic covalent adaptable networks, and innovative processing methods such as hybrid cooling 3D printing. We further highlight the integration of LCEs into multifunctional platforms for dynamic thermal management, multispectral camouflage, high‐density information encryption, deformable energy storage, and closed‐loop soft actuators with intrinsic sensing capabilities. Despite significant progress, challenges regarding large‐scale manufacturing, long‐term cyclic stability, and precise spatiotemporal control remain. By synthesizing current design principles and identifying critical technological bottlenecks, this review aims to guide the rational development of next‐generation programmable, multifunctional, and environmentally resilient LCE systems, ultimately accelerating their transition from laboratory prototypes to real‐world adaptive intelligent applications.