Wilmer Londoño-Celis

Digital transformation in the tourism sector is defined as a strategic process that integrates emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things to optimise the customer experience, improve operational efficiency, and strengthen competitiveness. This reconfiguration of management and consumption of services is facilitated by data-driven models and smart ecosystems. Nevertheless, the augmentation of scientific production has resulted in the establishment of a broad yet fragmented field, characterised by limitations in its theoretical and methodological articulation. The objective of this study is to identify research trends by conducting a systematic analysis of the literature in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, thereby ensuring rigour and reproducibility. The results reveal a dynamic field with accelerated knowledge expansion, thematic diversity, and unequal distribution of production, which demands the development of integrative conceptual frameworks, interdisciplinary approaches, and critical analyses to understand its structural implications.

Tourism development planning is defined as a strategic process that aims to organise and manage the growth of tourism activities in a given territory. This is achieved by integrating economic development with the conservation of environmental, cultural and social resources. Within this framework, tourism planning is connected to sustainable management of destinations, territorial competitiveness, and coordination among public and private stakeholders. Analytical and technological tools are incorporated to support decision-making. Despite the growing academic interest in this field, the extant literature reveals conceptual and methodological dispersion stemming from the diversity of theoretical approaches, planning models, and institutional contexts from which the phenomenon is analysed. In light of the prevailing circumstances, the objective of this study is to identify and analyse the predominant conceptual approaches, planning models and applications that are extant in the scientific literature pertaining to tourism development planning. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. This approach facilitated the organisation and rigorous examination of the extant scientific evidence, and provided a basis for reflection on tourism planning as a relational, multidimensional and contextualised process. It was concluded that such planning requires territorial governance, the participation of relevant actors, and the use of analytical tools to promote sustainable and balanced tourist destinations.

In the context of the digital transformation of tourism, immersive technologies such as virtual, augmented, and mixed reality are redefining destination promotion by influencing tourist perceptions and decisions. However, the field exhibits conceptual fragmentation and research dispersion, which limits its structured understanding. The objective of this study is to identify research trends through a bibliometric analysis of scientific output. The methodology employed is founded upon a systematic review, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with particular emphasis placed on the principles of rigour and systematicity. The results indicate a transition towards a more clearly defined structure, characterised by thematic specialisation and an emphasis on experience and interaction. Additionally, there is an uneven distribution of knowledge and ongoing thematic evolution, which necessitates greater conceptual integration, contextual diversity, and critical approaches.

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) refers to systems capable of producing original content from large volumes of data and deep learning models. There has been an increasing adoption of GenAI in higher education as cognitive support, a tool for academic production, and a resource for personalized learning. However, the extant empirical evidence demonstrates a lack of consensus and, in certain instances, a paucity of concordance, impeding a holistic comprehension of its educational impact. In this context, the objective of this research is to estimate the overall relationship between GenAI and university educational outcomes through a correlational meta-analysis. The study employs a quantitative approach and is conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines as an international reporting standard. This ensures transparency, reproducibility, and rigor in the identification, selection, evaluation, and synthesis of evidence. The findings confirm that GenAI constitutes a relevant educational phenomenon whose impact cannot be interpreted from simplistic or deterministic perspectives. Whilst the relationship with educational outcomes is consistent and methodologically stable, it is strongly influenced by context, pedagogical decisions and usage patterns. The absence of homogeneous patterns that would permit direct generalizations is a salient finding, underscoring the necessity for nuanced and critical analyses. This demonstrates that the educational transformation associated with GenAI is contingent not on the technology itself, but rather on its pedagogical and institutional integration.

Purpose: Access to financing is crucial for the establishment, scaling, and sustainability of women-led businesses. This study aims to identify the financial barriers women face when founding companies and to analyse how these obstacles affect business growth and development.Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 methodology, ensuring a rigorous, transparent, and unbiased selection and analysis of relevant academic studies on the topic.Findings: The results reveal persistent structural and systemic barriers that limit women's access to financing, including gender biases in financial institutions, lack of collateral, and restricted access to investment networks. These constraints negatively impact innovation capacity, competitiveness, and business sustainability in women-led enterprises. The study also uncovers notable regional disparities in financial access, underscoring the role of contextual factors in shaping entrepreneurial outcomes.Research limitations: The review is limited to published academic literature in selected databases and may not fully capture grey literature or regional reports. Future research could incorporate longitudinal or empirical studies to deepen understanding of causal relationships and policy impacts.Practical implications: The findings support the need for tailored financial instruments, inclusive banking practices, and gender-responsive funding programs that address the specific needs of women entrepreneurs. Policymakers and financial institutions should collaborate to dismantle systemic barriers and foster an enabling environment for inclusive business growth.Originality/value: This study provides a novel and updated synthesis of the literature by incorporating recent findings and offering a comparative analysis across geographical regions. It highlights underexplored contextual differences in access to finance and identifies pressing research gaps, contributing original insights to the discourse on gender and entrepreneurship.

This study systematically examines the determining factors influencing business creation by women through a PRISMA 2020-based literature review. The objective is to identify and integrate personal, social, cultural, economic, and political-legal dimensions shaping female entrepreneurship. A structured search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science, resulting in 38 peer-reviewed studies that met the established eligibility criteria. The findings reveal that personal factors such as risk-taking ability, self-confidence, and resilience interact with structural conditions, including family support, gender norms, access to financing, and government support programs. Family support emerges as the most frequently cited social determinant, while access to financing and restrictive gender norms constitute the most persistent structural barriers. Government initiatives and training programs appear as key enabling mechanisms within the political-legal dimension. The review highlights the interdependence among these dimensions and demonstrates that female entrepreneurship cannot be explained through isolated variables. The study contributes a multidimensional conceptual framework that integrates internal capabilities with external structural conditions. The findings underscore the need for coordinated public policies, inclusive institutional ecosystems, and sociocultural transformation to promote sustainable and equitable female entrepreneurship.