Javid Ahmad Parray

The present study describes the formulation of an ideal bacterial consortia aimed at effective solid waste biodegradation. The consortium provided a sustainable bioremediation approach by demonstrating noticeably higher degradation rates via specific enrichment and synergistic interactions. Conventional biochemical assays and morphological investigations were used to provide preliminary microbial identification. Using customized selective culture conditions, the production of particular extracellular enzymes, such as the enzyme amylase, cellulase, protease, and xylanase, was measured in order to evaluate the enzymatic activity profiles quantitatively. A thorough assessment of the bacterial isolates’ functional capacities was made possible by the subsequent characterization of enzymatic activity using spectrophotometric techniques to calculate enzyme titers. By accurately identifying and characterizing bacterial species at the molecular level using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, an exact taxonomic designation utilizing conserved and variable sections of the ribosomal RNA gene was made possible. The selection of fifty-eight bacterial strains for compatibility testing included 19 strains grown on cellulose agar medium, 19 strains on Luria Bertani medium, and 20 strains of King’s medium B bacteria. Enzymatic activities viz: amylase, cellulase, protease and xylanase, were used to describe these strains. Six bacterial consortia were systematically assembled and evaluated to assess their compatibility and interaction dynamics. The goal of this stringent selection and consortium building was to clarify functional synergism and interspecies compatibility in various microbial communities. The effectiveness of six microbial consortia in the in vitro biological degradation of waste from agriculture was assessed. Consortia BC1, BC2, BC3, and BC4 showed the highest levels of degrading efficiency, according to the results. The functional roles of microorganisms in ecosystems are better understood, which also emphasizes how crucial it is to investigate microbial diversity in order to find enzymes with practical uses. According to this study, bacterial consortia can be used as a biotechnological instrument and as an environmentally friendly remediation technique to break down and remove solid organic matter from environmental matrices. Additionally, the compost produced by microbial degradation processes has the potential to be used as a soil amendment, improving crop production potential and soil fertility within the soil ecosystem.

Plant-based recombinant protein production provides a safe and cost-effective method for producing functional medicinal proteins. However, transgene silenc

In Bangladesh’s hill regions, where there is less cultivable land, increasing crop output requires efficient land use. Thus, in this challenging farming setting, two crop-based patterns evolved into three or four crop-based patterns. To increase cropping intensity and farmer income by incorporating mustard and mungbean in a rice-based cropping pattern, a field experiment was carried out at Sadar and Panchari Upazila, Khagrachhari during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. Two years’ mean data (using a block farming approach) showed that the modified pattern had produced a much higher yield through improved management practices. In the improved cropping pattern (Transplant aman (T. aman)–mustard–mungbean–aus rice), a higher rice equivalent yield (16.25 t ha⁻¹) was found due to the inclusion of mustard and mungbean in the existing rice-based cropping patterns T. aman–fallow–boro (9.87 t ha⁻¹) and T. aman–fallow–tomato (9.09 t ha⁻¹). The gross margin from the improved cropping pattern was 448,715 BDT, which was 44.26% higher than the mean gross margin (311,050 BDT) of the two existing cropping patterns. Farmers are interested in growing mustard and mungbean since both can easily cultivated in hilly areas and can yield great economic returns quickly. For the large-scale production of oil and pulse, the T. aman–mustard–mungbean–aus rice cropping pattern might be introduced in the Khagrachhari district of Bangladesh.