Izabell Maria Martins Teixeira

Background: Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia increase the risk of death by two or three times. In this context, the role of apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), the main structural protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), stands out, since its anti-inflammatory potential reduces cardiovascular risk. Further, genetic modifications, such as the rs670 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), in the promoter region of the APOA1 gene are associated with the development of cardiovascular events, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, as well as metabolic syndrome. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relation between the occurrence of dyslipidemia and the rs670 SNP genotypes. Methods: An integrative and systematic review was performed with the LitVar2 database according to the PRISMA protocol standards. Studies were researched up to August 2025. Then, a meta-analysis was performed using the fixed-effects model, since the study was considered homogeneous based on the I2 value (< 50%). Results: Of the 99 found articles in the database, 5 referred to metabolic disorders (n = 7,705—4 Chinese studies and 1 Iranian study) and were published between 2015 and 2018. Three (n = 2,784 patients or 36.13%) of the articles indicated an association between the polymorphic allele and a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia with a relative risk of 1.16 (IC 95% 1.09–1.23, p < 0.01, I2 = 0%). Relative risk (IC 95%) was presented, and p < 0.05 was defined as the significance criterion. Discussion: This study reinforces a possible association between the influence of SNP rs670 and dyslipidemia. This emphasizes the importance of conducting further research incorporating a larger and more diverse study group, as well as investigating the genetic and environmental influence on the phenotypic expression of the rs670 SNP.

Objective: to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood cultures and compare methods for determiningthe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin. Methods: an observational study conducted in a tertiary hospital, involving 62 clinical isolates of S. aureus. In addition, the MIC of vancomycin was determined using the Etest®, broth microdilution (BMD), and Vitek® automated system methods. Clinically relevant antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were evaluated, and agreement between methods was analyzed by statistical correlationusing IBM-SPSS® software. The study was approved by the hospital's Research Ethics Committee under registration number 5.557.687/2022. Results: methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline. A better correlation was observed between the vancomycin MIC values obtained by Vitek®2 and BMD compared to Etest®. However, Vitek®2 tended to overestimate MIC compared to BMD. Conclusion: the results indicate the importance of using complementary methods to validate high vancomycin MIC values, contributing to more appropriate therapeutic decisions and the prevention of bacterial resistance.

Objetivo: avaliar o envolvimento do polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único (SNP) rs670 no tamanho das partículas e na ação antioxidante do HDL. Métodos: foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, sociodemográficos e clínicos. Além disso, foram determinados dados antropométricos, perfis glicêmicos e lipídicos, níveis de apolipoproteína A-I e B, níveis de ácidos graxos não esterificados, índice ômega-3, genotipagem do SNP rs670 e subfrações de partículas de HDL e função antioxidante. Resultados: 78 indivíduos, com prevalência de mulheres (46, 59%), idade média de 40 (±14) anos, presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular (n = 72; 92,3%), entre outros. De acordo com o SNP rs670, não foi observada diferença entre os parâmetros sociodemográficos, glicolipídicos, antropométricos e capacidade antioxidante da HDL. No entanto, o genótipo CC mostrou correlações entre o colesterol HDL e a glicemia(rho=-0,304), triglicerídeos (rho=-0,324), índice de massa corporal (rho=-0,439) e circunferência da cintura (rho=-0,516). Os genótipos CT e TT mostraram correlações entre a relação HDL 1-2/9-10 e a glicemia (rho=-0,576) e a relação Apo B/Apo A-I (rho=-0,629). Além disso, a presença do alelo T pode ser prevista pela relação HDL 1-2/9-10. Conclusões: conclui-se que o alelo T polimórfico estava associado a relações HDL mais elevadas em relação às mais baixas, possivelmente afetando sua funcionalidade.

Aim: to evaluate the impact of the medication use profile on the occurrence of complications in kidney transplant patients at a university hospital in Brazil. Methodology: retrospective study using data from renal transplant patients' medical records (n = 182). Interactions between immunosuppressants and other prescribed drugs were analyzed. Results: 68.7% of the patients were male. The average age was 48.15 years. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (62.6%) and diabetes (33.5%). The average hospital stay was 21.68 days. 104 drugs were used, 9.71 per patient. As an initial immunosuppressive regimen, 45.1% were prescribed tacrolimus + mycophenolate, 54.4% tacrolimus + sirolimus, and 0.5% mycophenolate + sirolimus. The drugs prescribed with probable interaction with tacrolimus were omeprazole (88.46%), amlodipine (48.90%), and isoniazid (37.91%); with sirolimus, they were amlodipine (29.67%) and isoniazid (20.33%), and with mycophenolate, omeprazole (39.01%). Prescribing a greater number of drugs increased hospitalization time by up to 8.5 days, while the use of calcium channel blockers predicted a reduction of approximately 5 days. Conclusion: The profile of medication use showed that drug prescriptions can have an impact on hospital stay.

The increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, represents a serious global public health issue. Consequently, the search for compounds with neuroprotective potential has intensified. In this context, resveratrol (RSV), a stilbene polyphenol found mainly in red grapes, exhibits important pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and has been widely investigated in neuroscience due to its potential in the prevention and treatment of NDs. This narrative review was conducted using the PubMed® database, with the keywords “resveratrol”, “molecular mechanisms”, “mechanisms of action”, “neuroinflammation”, “oxidative stress”, “autophagy”, “gene regulation”, and “clinical studies”. This study discusses the molecular mechanisms of RSV on NDs, focusing on signaling pathways involved in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, gene regulation, autophagy, and cell death. Intracellular pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and Nrf2/Keap1 are associated with immune modulation mediated by RSV, leading to a decrease in oxidative stress, induction of autophagy, and inhibition of apoptosis. RSV has pharmacokinetic limitations, such as low bioavailability and stability, although RSV can cross the blood-brain barrier. Thus, researches involving nonencapsulated formulations aim to enhance their delivery to the central nervous system. Current in vitro and in vivo studies are promising, although further clinical trials are needed, as few have been conducted and available data remain preliminary. In conclusion, RSV presents multiple benefits to neurological health and shows therapeutic potential in NDs; however, additional clinical studies and translational research are essential to validate and optimize its application.

Objective: the present work aims to evaluate the Benzydamine (BZD) effect on cell viability in astrocyte culture and investigated the death mechanism involved with its cytotoxic effect. Methods: in order to evaluate cell viability, the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay was used, while flow cytometry was used to verify cell damage. The immunofluorescence assay was used to verify the expression of the marker’s caspase-8, caspase9 and p65 subunit of Factor nuclear kappa B (NFκB). A statistical analysis for MTT assay and Flow Cytometry were made using ANOVA with Dunett’s post-test; Student's t-test was made for the Immunofluorescence. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: the MTT reduction assay showed that BZD (3.1 to 100 μg/mL) caused a decrease in astrocytes viability. The flow cytometry showed that the cytotoxic effect of BZD was caused by the activation of the apoptotic death pathway, evidenced by the externalization of phosphatidylserine. The immunofluorescence revealed an increase in caspase-8 expression and no alteration in caspase-9 expression, demonstrating that there was an activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BZD (26.13 μg/mL) also caused an increase in NFκB p65 expression. Conclusion: taken together, the results of the present study suggest that BZD has a cytotoxic effect on astrocyte cells, and this effect comes from its ability to activate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and changes in lipoprotein. Literature data suggest that cholesterol associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) plays a protective role against albuminuria and diabetic nephropathy. These factors are related with changes in serum apolipoproteins such Apo A-I. This work aims to evaluate the correlation of apolipoprotein A-I with renal function in diabetic outpatients. Samples were collected from 281 outpatients for analyses of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (SCr), urea (BUN), cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Urinary samples were obtained to assess urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was calculated to estimate insulin resistance. The mean age was 61,5 ± 16,4 years. Most patients were female, Afro-Mestizo and over 50 years of age. Pearson's revealed negative correlation of creatinine with HDLc and Apo A-I. There was a correlation of eGFR with HbA1c, TG and HDLc. TyG presented a negative correlation with Apo A-I and HDLc. The highest quartiles of UACR presented the highest TyG and the lowest Apo A-I. In conclusion, Apo A-I indicated an association with insulin resistance and changes in renal function parameters, especially as a factor associated with the onset of albuminuria, with a better predictive potential than the HDLc.

O Cuidado Farmacêutico está inserido na prática da Farmácia Clínica, sendo constituído por nove serviços farmacêuticos, destinados ao paciente, à família e à comunidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o aprendizado dos participantes em um curso online sobre Cuidado Farmacêutico totalizando 30horas contendo dez módulos baseados nos Serviços Clínicos Farmacêuticos, por meio de questionários de pré-teste e de pós-teste. O estudo é de natureza quantitativa, de caráter descritivo, transversal, exploratório e de investigação quase-experimental com pré- e pós-teste. Os dados dos 209 participantes foram coletados no curso de Cuidado Farmacêutico, sendo este caracterizado como curso livre, realizado de 16 de novembro a 5 de dezembro de 2020, via questionários com 18 questões idênticas. As análises foram realizadas nos softwares Minitab 18.0 e SPSS 20. Os dados das amostras independentes apresentaram maior média de pós-teste em comparação com o pré-teste, forte correlação linear positiva, inclinação da reta de regressão linear acentuada positivamente, demostrando que quanto maiores as variáveis explicativas (nível de escolaridade e nota de pré-teste), maior a nota como variável resposta do modelo, e, além disso, no DOE, considerando fatores sexo, conhecimento prévio e nível de escolaridade, apenas o conhecimento prévio foi signifi cativo para as medianas e variâncias, independentemente de nível de escolaridade e gênero, comprovando-se estatisticamente que o curso agregou conhecimento sobre o Cuidado Farmacêutico.