L. V. Ulybina

Relevance. Food security has traditionally been one of the key components of national security and, along with the problem of ensuring sustainable growth in domestic production of the necessary volumes of the main types of food products, is an important guideline for the formation and implementation of relevant areas of state policy.These issues have acquired particular importance in the current realities, characterized by a consistent increase in international tension and the introduction by a number of interstate associations of unprecedented sanctions measures against the economy of the Russian Federation.The state of the livestock complex, whose products account for almost half of the total agricultural production at the national level, as well as the effectiveness of measures taken within the framework of the state policy of import substitution in agriculture, largely determine Russia’s food security. This circumstance also determines the high relevance of studying the trends observed in the development of the livestock complex, identifying and evaluating the factors that cause such trends.Methods. The theoretical basis of this study is compiled by the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the development of the livestock complex and the problems of ensuring food security. In the process of its implementation, general scientific methods of cognition were used.Results. An assessment of the data presented in the article allows us to conclude that there are a number of imbalances and negative trends in the development of the livestock complex of the Russian Federation, which, if current trends persist, can create a situation threatening the country’s food security in the medium term.These imbalances primarily relate to the meat and dairy sub-sector of animal husbandry, which, due to the features noted in the article, has been stagnating for a long time.

Relevance. The agro-industrial complex, for a number ofreasons, occupies an important place in the domestic economy. Its defining role in ensuring the food security of the state, as well as its intersectoral nature, which determines the fact that the success of the functioning of industries related to the agro-industrial complex is largely determined by its condition, brings the issues of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the protection of its economic interests to a number of the most important national problems. This circumstance serves to actualize research in the mentioned subject area and indicates the need for their intensification. Methods. In the course of the work, general logical and empirical methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, formalization, generalization and comparison were used. Results. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the rate of increase in the level of depreciation of fixed assets in the agricultural sector remains lower than in the national economy as a whole, however, they also show negative dynamics. This circumstance indicates that the modernization of the material base of the agricultural sector is taking place at an unsatisfactory pace. One of the important reasons for the low pace of development of the Russian agro-industrial complex is the low level of domestic effective demand for the goods produced by it. The decline in the share of the Russian Federation in the global gross value added of agriculture indicates the emerging lag in the development of the national agro-industrial complex and the active substitution of products previously produced by it by the countries of the eastern region (India, China), which in the medium term can negatively affect the level of food security in Russia.

Relevance. The problems of food security of the Russian Federation and directly causing such security of the development of the agro-industrial complex and the agrarian sector of the economy of individual territories that are part of our country in the conditions of a significant degree of integration of the domestic economy into the world economy and foreign policy challenges of recent years are of particular relevance, since they are in close relationship with national security issues and largely determine not only the potential for the general economic growth of the state, but also the level of social tension existing within it. In this regard, the importance of studying the trends in the development of the agrarian sector of the economies associated with individual territories is growing.Methods. The study of development trends in the agricultural sector of the economy of the Volga Federal District was carried out using a number of general scientific methods. In the course of the study, general logical and empirical methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, formalization, generalization and comparison, cluster analysis were used.Results. The most important trends in the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation from the point of view of national food security have been identified, a significant degree of import dependence of a number of agricultural production clusters has been shown, and the need for advanced import substitution in this area has been substantiated.

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that a comprehensive assessment system includes an analysis of indicators that characterize the functioning of an enterprise in an economic environment from different sides, but are not always linearly and unambiguously related to financial performance. In this regard, it is especially important to identify key indicators that most accurately reflect the relationship with the profit received. Their dominant influence on the final results will allow to assess risks in a timely manner and make effective financial decisions.Methods. The main research tool was an algorithm for conducting a comprehensive analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise and identifying the dominant indicators that determine the final financial result.Results. One of the primary tasks of the analysis is to identify the factors affecting the final financial result. However, as practice shows, the analysis of various coefficients can give ambiguous information. For example, there may be situations when low liquidity indicators have been identified, but financial results with the existing asset structure are quite high and the company's activities are highly profitable. Or borrowed sources of financing significantly prevail over their own, which sharply reduces financial stability, but at the same time the effect of financial leverage is significant, and the company receives high profits. That is, the values of some indicators do not always characterize the activity of the enterprise quite unambiguously. Determining the dominant indicators is a necessary tool for understanding the real impact of individual economic parameters on the final financial result. The purpose of the study is the practical application of the concept of dominant indicators in the financial analysis system of the enterprise. In the course of the study, a comprehensive analysis of the financial condition of the three largest grain processing enterprises in various regions of the Volga Federal District was carried out. The dominant indicators that most accurately reflect the impact on the profit are identified. The conclusion is made about the specific dominant indicators that determine the final financial result of enterprises, and about the varying degree of influence of individual economic parameters on the level of profit.

Relevance. The problems of the national food security of the Russian Federation in the context of the globalization of the world economy and the increasingly complex foreign policy situation are of particular relevance, since they are closely related to the security of the nation and largely determine not only the potential for general economic growth, but also the level of social tension within the country. In this regard, the importance of studying the dynamics of changes in the main foreign trade indicators and the trade balance of the Russian Federation in relation to agricultural raw materials and food products, as well as the use of various mathematical methods for analyzing and forecasting trends existing in this area, is growing.Methods. The study of data on the value of indicators of exports and imports of wheat and barley by the Russian Federation was carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics (time series forecasting). The work also used such general scientific approaches as induction, synthesis and analogy.Results. According to the results of the study, statistical patterns of changes in the volume of exports and imports of the Russian Federation of such important grain crops as wheat and barley were revealed. Based on the use of the time series method and autocorrelation analysis, a prognostic model was formed that makes it possible to evaluate the prospective values of the relevant indicators with an acceptable statistical error.