Hasnida Ab-Samat

Port State Control (PSC) is the process of inspecting foreign vessels in domestic ports to ensure compliance with international conventions and regulations. During the process, an inspector may detain a ship when clear grounds are identified and deficiencies remain unresolved. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a comprehensive analytical framework to identify the key factors behind ship detention during PSC inspections. The study collected and analyzed detention data from the Paris Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) and Tokyo MoU for 2018 to 2022 to identify the main factors and types of deficiencies. The method incorporated the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to identify key factors in PSC-related ship detention. TOPSIS method was applied using pairwise comparison weights derived from AHP analysis. The results showed that deficiencies related to International Safety Management (ISM) items had the most impact on PSC detention, with a priority weight of 0.35. Ship and equipment maintenance ranked first with a preference value of 0.703, followed by fire detection and alarm systems and emergency fire pumps with values of 0.619 and 0.586, respectively. These results provide important information for the maritime industry, particularly for ship management and other parties involved in PSC inspection and ship detention. Furthermore, the study showed that implementing a safety management system is crucial to ship operations and maritime transportation.

Heavy equipment performance is an important factor that can affect productivity factors in the Indonesian coal mining sector. A major reason behind the high downtime is because they follow time-based maintenance (TBM) methods on their heavy equipment. This has led to the search of new and much better and effective methods such as Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) method. The use of CBM as a predictive maintenance methodology by coal industry players to minimise equipment downtime is proliferating but, at present, little evidence exists regarding how operational environmental conditions and human resource competencies impact the effectiveness of CBM. This study investigates the impact of Predictive Data Analysis (PDA), Maintenance Actions Proactive (MAP) and Supporting Technology (STE) on heavy equipment performance (HEP) and which include Operational Environment Conditions (OEC) and Human Resource Competency (HRC) as moderating variables. This study collected data from 207 operational and maintenance personnel in Indonesian coal mining companies that have adopted CBM. Analysis of data was conducted through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using Smart-PLS 4.0 software. The results showed that PDA, MAP, and STE were positively related to heavy equipment performance, with MAP showing the strongest relationship among the three CBM dimensions. OEC and HRC also had a significant direct effect on performance. However, among the proposed moderating relationships, only the interaction between HRC and MAP was statistically significant. These findings suggest that CBM effectiveness is influenced not only by maintenance-related practices but also by workforce capabilities. This study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between CBM implementation, operational conditions, human resource competencies, and heavy equipment performance in the context of coal mining operations.

Port State Control (PSC) refers to the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to ensure compliance with international conventions and regulations. When an inspector identifies clear ground during inspection, they are permitted to detain the ship until all deficiencies are rectified. Therefore, this study aims to develop a comprehensive analysis framework to identify the trend of PSC detention based on the regional MoU agreement annual report and specific expert surveys. A traditional computer analysis method was used for data from the annual report of Paris MoU and Tokyo MoU from 2019 to 2023. A survey was carried out to get feedback from expert with various education, experience and areas of expertise. The validity test was assessed based on the (KMO) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and the (MSA) Measure of Sampling Adequacy for each indicator. The number of ship inspection decreased in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic but steadily increased until 2022 across both regional MoU agreements over the last ten years. Paris MoU reported a significant drop to 385 ships in 2020, followed by a increase to 736 ships in 2022. Similarly, Tokyo MoU recorded 493 ships in 2020 and 1334 in 2023. The ISM-related deficiencies consistently have highest percentage compared to other types of deficiency. Poor maintenance during this period was identified as the primary factor contributing to ship detentions. PSC is an important instrument for ensuring that the ship's and its equipment's condition complies with international regulations. Subsequently, the ISM is the most important factors in ship operations, particularly since it is the primary reason ships are detained during PSC inspections. The results of this study offer valuable insights into the marine sector, particularly for ship managers and shipping companies, as well as possible avenues for future research on issues related to port state control (PSC).

This study explores the role of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in enhancing organizational sustainability (OS), focusing on its impact across human, social, economic, and environmental dimensions. A quantitative approach was used, with a survey conducted among LSS Yellow Belt practitioners at a public university in Malaysia. The data were analyzed using statistical methods, including mean, p-value, and F-value, to identify patterns and relationships. The findings reveal that integrating human sustainability into the traditional Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework is crucial for OS. The study shows that LSS positively impacts all sustainability dimensions: it supports social sustainability through continuous improvement and collaboration, drives economic sustainability through innovation and cost reduction, and promotes environmental sustainability through waste minimization and resource optimization. This research contributes to the literature by highlighting the critical role of human sustainability within the TBL framework and demonstrating how LSS can enhance various aspects of OS. Organizations can improve employee well-being and overall sustainability by prioritizing human sustainability, gaining a competitive edge in the business environment.

The Pertamina Oil Refinery Unit V in Balikpapan is a crucial infrastructure in Indonesia’s oil and gas industry. One of the critical components in this refinery is the control valve, specifically the control valve with tag number 02-LCV-084, which has experienced frequent malfunctions. This study aims to determine the optimal maintenance intervals for the control valve using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) methodology. The research involves analyzing two years of failure data and applying techniques such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Time to Failure (TTF), and Time to Repair (TTR) calculations. The results indicate that the seat ring requires maintenance every 757 hours (32 days), the plug every 874 hours (37 days), and the stem every 1694 hours (70 days). These maintenance intervals provide important insights for improving the operational efficiency of the refinery’s equipment by preventing unscheduled downtime and reducing repair costs. The implementation of RCM in determining maintenance intervals can enhance the reliability and longevity of critical equipment in industrial environments.

The Pertamina Oil Refinery Unit V in Balikpapan is a crucial infrastructure in Indonesia’s oil and gas industry. One of the critical components in this refinery is the control valve, specifically the control valve with tag number 02-LCV-084, which has experienced frequent malfunctions. This study aims to determine the optimal maintenance intervals for the control valve using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) methodology. The research involves analyzing two years of failure data and applying techniques such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Time to Failure (TTF), and Time to Repair (TTR) calculations. The results indicate that the seat ring requires maintenance every 757 hours (32 days), the plug every 874 hours (37 days), and the stem every 1694 hours (70 days). These maintenance intervals provide important insights for improving the operational efficiency of the refinery’s equipment by preventing unscheduled downtime and reducing repair costs. The implementation of RCM in determining maintenance intervals can enhance the reliability and longevity of critical equipment in industrial environments.

Introduction: The heavy reliance on fossil fuels for energy poses a significant threat to sustainable development. Addressing this issue is crucial, with higher education institutions playing a vital role in promoting environmental sustainability.Objective: This study explores the perceptions and learning orientations of engineering students in the UAE regarding renewable energy, eco-innovations, and environmental literacy.Methods: A survey was conducted among 275 engineering students from various higher education institutions in the UAE, assessing their confidence in renewable energy knowledge and eco-innovations.Results: Only 5% of students had high or very high confidence in their renewable energy knowledge, compared to 14% and 18% for eco-innovations. No significant difference was found between male and female students in their awareness of these topics. The constructs' reliability and validity were confirmed, and environmental literacy significantly influenced students' learning orientation.Conclusions: Enhancing knowledge and coursework on renewable energy, eco-innovations, and environmental literacy is essential for fostering learning orientation among engineering students. Active involvement from students, faculty, and governmental officials, especially the Ministry of Education, is crucial for creating an effective learning environment.