Wanyi Sun

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the short-term and long-term effects of a nutrition intervention in using 37 years of follow-up data. MethodsThe Linxian Dysplasia Population Nutrition Intervention Trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 7 years of intervention and 30 years of follow-up. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted in age and sex subgroups, and the 30 years of follow-up were divided into two 15-year early and late periods. ResultsThe results at 37 years did not indicate any effects on mortality from cancers or other diseases. In the first 15 years, the intervention decreased the overall risk of gastric cancer deaths in all participants (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-1.00) and in the subgroup participants younger than 55 years (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.96). In addition, in the group younger than 55 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96), the intervention decreased the risk of death from other diseases; and, in the group aged 55 years and older (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98), the intervention reduced the risk of death from heart disease. There were no significant results in the later 15 years, which indicated the disappearance of the intervention effect. Comparing demographic characteristics between those who died during the two periods, the participants who died later included more women, had a higher education level, had a lower smoking rate, were younger, and also more had a mild degree of esophageal dysplasia, representing a better lifestyle and health condition. ConclusionsLong-term follow-up indicated no effect of nutrition on deaths in a population with esophageal squamous dysplasia, further supporting the significance of continuous nutritional intervention for cancer protection. The pattern of protective effect of a nutrition intervention on gastric cancer in patients with esophageal squamous dysplasia was similar to that in the general population. Participants who died in the later period had more protective factors than those who died in the earlier period, contributing to the obvious effect of the intervention in early stage disease.

The optimal treatment regimen for breast cancer patients with gBRCA mutations remains controversial given the availability of numerous options, such as platinum-based agents, polymerase inhibitors (PARPis), and other agents. We included phase II or III RCTs and estimated the HR with 95% CI for OS, PFS, and DFS, in addition to the OR with 95% CI for ORR and pCR. We determined the treatment arm rankings by P-scores. Furthermore, we carried out a subgroup analysis in TNBC and HR-positive patients. We conducted this network meta-analysis using R 4.2.0 and a random-effects model. A total of 22 RCTs were eligible, involving 4253 patients. In the pairwise comparisons, PARPi + Platinum + Chemo was better than PARPi + Chemo for OS (in whole study group and in both subgroups) as well as PFS. The ranking tests demonstrated that PARPi + Platinum + Chemo ranked first in PFS, DFS, and ORR. Platinum + Chemo showed higher OS than PARPi + Chemo. The ranking tests for PFS, DFS, and pCR indicated that, except for the best treatment (PARPi + Platinum + Chemo) containing PARPi, the second and third treatments were platinum monotherapy or platinum-based chemotherapy. In conclusion, PARPi + Platinum + Chemo might be the best regime for gBRCA-mutated BC. Platinum drugs showed more favorable efficacy than PARPi in both combination and monotherapy.