Teresa de la Cruz

By 2040, the widespread deployment of Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility (CCAM) technologies is expected to reshape public transport, shared mobility, and freight systems. While these innovations promise benefits such as enhanced safety, reduced congestion, and lower environmental impacts, they also pose significant challenges for the labour market. Traditional roles—especially those involving routine or operational tasks—are likely to be disrupted or shift toward supervisory and technical functions, while new occupations are expected to emerge. To address potential job displacement, the European Commission emphasizes the need for targeted reskilling and upskilling strategies. In this context, and within the Horizon Europe project ReSKILLING, this paper presents a comprehensive mapping of CCAM-related professions across the entire mobility value chain. The analysis covers roles from manufacturing and operations to decommissioning and second-life applications, considering software, hardware, services, and training roles across all transport modes and occupational categories in both passenger and freight sectors. Furthermore, a matrix linking CCAM penetration levels to job impacts is presented, highlighting overlooked impacts and knowledge gaps, with particular attention to vulnerable workers. This work aims to support the development of inclusive, evidence-based workforce strategies and contributes to a just and sustainable transition toward automated mobility systems.