Yongming Yao

Background: With the rapid spread of the mpox epidemic, cases have emerged in multiple countries, mainly among men who have sex with men. Because of the connectedness of today’s world, countries have to be prepared to face risks in advance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate awareness of mpox-related knowledge among men who have sex with men in China. Methods: With the assistance of the social organizations of men who have sex with men, a cross-sectional survey of men who have sex with men in China was conducted through an online questionnaire between July 1 and July 18, 2022. A nationwide sample of Chinese men who have sex with men (N = 3,257) was recruited. Results: Only 36.9% of participants had mpox-related knowledge. Awareness of mpox-related knowledge among respondents was positively associated with those in older age groups (33 to 42 years and 51 years or older) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.67, AOR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16–2.24; respectively), married (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09–2.19), and those with a graduate degree or above (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.11–4.13), while negatively associated with those living in the western parts of China (AOR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.60–0.92), and those who were unsure of their history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.30–0.63). Conclusion: Mpox-related knowledge is fairly low among men who have sex with men in China. China needs to spread knowledge to the public through multiple channels, especially in key populations (men who have sex with men, HIV-infected, etc.), and take preventive measures to effectively avoid outbreaks of mpox.