Nagima Sagidolda

The rapid growth of large cities driven by migration changes the conditions under which the labor market and social infrastructure operate, and the resulting socio‑economic risks may manifest differently for women and men. The study aims to assess gender‑based socio‑economic vulnerability in the context of migration‑driven growth in Almaty by analyzing gender differences in the labor market and comparing them with migration dynamics. The methodology includes comparative and dynamic analysis, calculation of relative migration indicators, gender gaps in economic activity, unemployment, and wages, as well as indices of changes in social infrastructure relative to population growth. The initial information base consisted of official statistical data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015–2025. The population of Almaty increased from 1,707,439 to 2,348,103 people. Between 2015 and 2025, the migration turnover increased from 146,838 to 517,423 people, and the share of the migration balance in the total migration turnover decreased from 27.75% to 7.04%. At the same time, pronounced gender differences in the labour market persisted: in 2024, the labour force participation rate was 80.1% among women and 86.2% among men. The results show that Almaty's migration and demographic growth are accompanied by persistent gender differences in the labor market and uneven adaptation rates across individual elements of the social infrastructure.

Sustainable tourism development has become an increasingly important strategy for peripheral regions seeking to diversify local economies while maintaining environmental and social sustainability. However, the mechanisms through which tourism contributes to sustainable regional development remain insufficiently understood, particularly in post-Soviet and resource-based regional contexts. This study examines the relationships between infrastructural resources, local community participation, regional promotion, support for agro-ecotourism, tourism development, and sustainable regional development in the North Kazakhstan region. The study further investigates the mediating role of tourism development in transmitting the effects of regional factors to broader sustainability outcomes. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey conducted among residents and stakeholders of the North Kazakhstan region (N = 232). The proposed conceptual model was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrate that infrastructure and regional resources (β = 0.247, p < 0.001) and local community participation (β = 0.241, p = 0.001) exert significant positive effects on tourism development. In contrast, regional promotion and support for agro-ecotourism do not show statistically significant direct effects. Tourism development demonstrates the strongest positive influence on sustainable regional development (β = 0.620, p < 0.001) and significantly mediates the relationships between infrastructural and social factors and sustainability outcomes. The study contributes to sustainable tourism literature by developing a mediation-based framework that conceptualizes tourism development as a transmission mechanism linking regional resources and community participation to long-term socio-economic sustainability. The research also expands empirical evidence from peripheral and post-Soviet regional contexts that remain underrepresented in tourism sustainability studies. The findings emphasize the strategic importance of infrastructure investment, community engagement, and integrated regional planning for achieving sustainable tourism-driven development in peripheral territories.

Мақалада аутистік спектрі бұзылған балалар арасындағы кибербуллинг құбылысына терең талдау жасалған, бұл ата-аналардың оны тану күрделілігімен қиындады. Мақаланың мақсаты ― әлеуметтік желіде аутистік спектрі бұзылған балалар арасындағы кибербуллинг құбылысын зерттеу және сипаттау. Жүргізілген талдауларға сүйене отырып, аутизмі бар балаларға арналған кибербуллингтің ерекшеліктерін, себептері мен салдарын анықтау. Зерттеу 14 жасар сурет салумен қызығатын Бақтиярдың және видео-ойын жағдайында өзге ойыншы тарапынан кибербуллинге ұшыраған 15 жасар жасөспірімнің кейс-стадилеріне негізделген. Сонымен қатар балалардың шығармашылық белсенділігі мен эмоционалды жағдайындағы өзгерістердің динамикасын ашады. Зерттеу нәтижелері кибербуллингпен күресу және аутист жасөспірімдердің шығармашылық қызығушылықтарын қолдау үшін тиімді ұсыныстар жасауға мүмкіндік береді. Мақала проблеманы ерекше жағдай ретінде қарастырады, нейро-өзгеше балалардың кибербуллингті тануының қиындықтарын атап көрсетеді және белгілі бір топ үшін хабардарлықты арттыру және виртуалды кеңістікті қорғау шараларын ұсынады. Аутистік спектрі бұзылған балалар арасында кибербуллингтің алдын алу бойынша ұсыныстар берілген. Интернеттегі цифрлық сауаттылық пен қауіпсіздікті үйретуге, әлеуметтік дағдылар мен эмпатияны дамытуға, ата-аналардың белсенді қатысуына және мектептермен ынтымақтастыққа баса назар аударылған. Аутист балалар мен олардың ата-аналарына құпиялылық ережелерін үйрету және кибербуллингті тану оларды қорғауға ықпал етеді. Эмпатия мен әлеуметтік дағдыларды дамыту бағдарламалары балалардың онлайн ортадағы өзара әрекеттесуін жақсартуға көмектеседі. Кибербуллингке қарсы мектеп бағдарламалары хабардарлықты арттырады және инклюзивті орта жасайды. Зерттеу интернеттегі аутистік спектрі бұзылған (АСБ) балалардың қауіпсіздігіне жүйелі көзқарастың қажеттілігін көрсетеді.

The purpose of the research is to analyze the opinions of the population about the impact of migration processes taking place in the Republic of Kazakhstan on economic development, taking into account regional peculiarities.Research methodology. The research was based on data from a sociological study conducted from February to April 2024 among 3,120 respondents in eight regions of Kazakhstan, including the cities of Almaty and Astana. In addition, classical research methods such as logical, generalization, and comparative analysis were used.The originality of the research. In this study, the authors tried to identify regional features of the interrelationships between migration processes and factors such as wages, unemployment, economic growth and well-being of the region on the basis of primary data obtained during a sociological study.The results of the study. The analysis showed a variety of opinions of the population of the regions about the impact of migration. The interrelationships between migration processes and economic development are identified and considered, taking into account the peculiarities and trends in different parts of Kazakhstan.

The issues of language policy implementation are relevant in the context of linguistic self-determination of an independent state, which is modern Kazakhstan. The analysis of the results of language policy monitoring contributes to its improvement and adequate implementation by the state, which is important in the context of balancing the linguistic interests of all ethnic groups living in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to carry out a comparative analysis of longitudinal survey data on the implementation of the state language policy of the republic for 2018 and 2023 and to develop recommendations for improving the language policy. Research methodology- quantitative research method, expert survey, sample size- 60 external and internal experts from science and education, technology, economics and law, and media in 2018, and 50 internal and external experts from NGOs, education, and the manufacturing sector in 2023. The method of comparative analysis and document analysis was also applied. Results and conclusions of the study - in the period from 2018 to 2023, there is the formation of a new linguistic trend in the country - the change of communicative environment and its transition from traditional bilingualism to polylingualism, there are changes in the assessment of the prospects of the use of the main languages of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the assessment of the population in the issue of translation of the state language into Latin.

The purpose of the study is to identify and analyses the socio-economic factors influencing educational inequality in urban and rural schools in Kazakhstan.The research methodology includes the use of quantitative methods such as descriptive statistics, comparative and correlation analysis, and regression analysis to identify the impact of population income and the level of digitalisation on educational outcomes. Additionally, focus groups were conducted with participants from different regions to investigate subjective factors such as family values, educational patterns and access to educational resources.The originality of the study lies in the integrated approach, combining quantitative data and qualitative methods, which allows for a deeper understanding of the relationship between socio-economic factors and educational outcomes.The results of the study showed that urban school students consistently perform better on the UNT, which is associated with access to better educational resources, qualified teachers and the Internet. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between the number of fixed Internet subscribers and average UNT scores, which underlines the importance of digitalisation in educational processes. At the same time, the weak correlation between household income and UNT scores indicates the need for a more detailed analysis of factors affecting the quality of education, such as infrastructure and human resources policy in education. This study emphasises the importance of developing support measures for rural schools and digital infrastructure.

This article aims to identify ways to reduce the inequality in education between the rural and urban populations of the Almaty region. The hypothesis is put forward that the solution to the problem of inequality in education in rural areas can be solved by applying a clustering mechanism within the framework of controlled urbanization through the creation of educational development centers based on secondary schools. The research methodology includes the methods of social statistics, methods of analysis of scientific literature, methods of factor analysis, cluster analysis, and mathematical and statistical methods. The section “results and discussions” presents the analysis of the dynamics of educational coverage of graduates of rural and urban schools of the Almaty region, which revealed a catastrophic gap that threatens the region’s sustainable development prospects. The results of a cluster analysis of nine districts of the Almaty region for opportunities for the development of education according to the criteria of the existing material and technical equipment of schools, their level of digitalization, the sufficiency of funding from the local budget, and the development of the accompanying socially significant infrastructure are also presented. According to the analysis, the concept of leveling inequality in education was proposed based on identifying potential locations for creating centers for the development of education in rural areas. In the future, this study can be used for further deployment of regional programs to reduce inequality in education in rural areas.

The aim of this study is to assess future primary school teachers' learning outcomes, their achievement goals, support for the development of their creative competence and the appropriate methodological and technological processes that take place. The data was analyzed using a mixed research approach. The participants of the study are 160 students from Abai University and Auezov University (Kazakhstan). The results showed that students found their university education mostly uncreative indicating the need to determine a new and effective way to form students' creative competence. The research findings suggest that special training improved the creative capacity of the aspiring participants in the study and had an effect on the experimental group. The findings of this study have implications for policy to transform higher education, further research as well as methodological and technological approaches for the assessment of primary school teachers' development of creative competencies in Kazakhstan.