Li-Wei Lung

The construction industry faces persistent occupational health and safety challenges, with numerous risks arising from construction sites’ complex and dynamic nature. Accidents frequently result from inadequate safety distances and poorly managed work-er–machine interactions, highlighting the need for advanced safety management solutions. This study develops and validates an innovative hazard warning system that leverages deep learning-based image recognition (YOLOv7) and Internet of Things (IoT) modules to enhance construction site safety. The system achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.922 and an F1 score of 0.88 at a 0.595 confidence threshold, detecting hazards in under 1 s. Integrating IoT-enabled smart wearable devices provides real-time monitoring, delivering instant hazard alerts and personalized safety warnings, even in areas with limited network connectivity. The system employs the DIKW knowledge management framework to extract, transform, and load (ETL) high-quality labeled data and optimize worker and machinery recognition. Robust feature extraction is performed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a fully connected approach for neural network training. Key innovations, such as perspective projection coordinate transformation (PPCT) and the security assessment block module (SABM), further enhance hazard detection and warning generation accuracy and reliability. Validated through extensive on-site experiments, the system demonstrates significant advancements in real-time hazard detection, improving site safety, reducing accident rates, and increasing productivity. The integration of IoT enhances scalability and adaptability, laying the groundwork for future advancements in construction automation and safety management.

A construction site features an open field and complexity and relies mainly on manual labor for construction progress, quality, and field management to facilitate job site coordination and productive results. It has a tremendous impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of job site supervision. However, most job site workers take photos of the construction activities. These photos serve as aids for project management, including construction history records, quality, and schedule management. It often takes a great deal of time to process the many photos taken. Most of the time, the image data are processed passively and used only for reference, which could be better. For this, a construction activity image recognition system is proposed by incorporating image recognition through deep learning, using the powerful image extraction ability of a convolution neural network (CNN) for automatic extraction of contours, edge lines, and local features via filters, and feeding feature data to the network for training in a fully connected way. The system is effective in image recognition, which is in favor of telling minute differences. The parameters and structure of the neural network are adjusted for using a CNN. Objects like construction workers, machines, and materials are selected for a case study. A CNN is used to extract individual features for training, which improves recognizability and helps project managers make decisions regarding construction safety, job site configuration, progress control, and quality management, thus improving the efficiency of construction management.