Mingzhe Hu

Vanillic Acid (VA) is an aromatic acid extracted from traditional Chinese medicine such as Angelica sinensis and Panax ginseng, which has demonstrated potent anti-cancer activity, inhibiting the onset and progression of various malignant tumors. This review highlights the principal mechanism by which VA exerts its anticancer activity, including apoptosis induction, specifically promoting the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn triggers mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, VA disrupts the cancer cell cycle, arresting most cancer cells at the G1 phase, curtails cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, all while minimizing adverse reactions. This paper offers a comprehensive review of VA's anti-tumor effects and underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide some references for scientists and clinical physicians in the research of anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.

Digestive system neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of cancers characterized by diverse symptoms, complex diagnosis, and treatment. Prognosis is poor and influenced by multiple factors, making early detection and comprehensive treatment crucial for patient survival. Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound, has attracted attention due to its anti-tumor biological activity, holding promise as a potential drug for treating digestive system neoplasms. Derived from various plants such as cabbage, propolis, and grapefruit, this compound's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological effects have been confirmed. Research has found that kaempferol inhibits the occurrence and development of digestive system neoplasms by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, suppressing tumor metastasis and invasion, and enhancing the effects of other cancer treatment methods. This paper summarizes the role and mechanisms of kaempferol in the study of digestive system neoplasms, providing valuable insights for both scientists and clinical physicians engaged in this field. By detailing the various pathways through which kaempferol exerts its anticancer effects, the paper not only highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent but also opens avenues for further research into its applications.

Introduction: Ischemia, resulting from reduced blood supply due to arterial constriction or blockages, leads to oxygen and nutrient deprivation, impacting various body systems and contributing to numerous diseases. Despite extensive research on ischemia, molecular studies with spatial and temporal specificity are limited. Our study utilized single-cell genomics to investigate hypoxia-induced changes in the mouse brain at 30 and 60 minutes of exposure, aiming to map cellular trajectories, ontologies, and expression patterns in a cell-specific manner.Material and methods: We developed a mouse model of hypoxia using the thread-plug method. Experimental groups were exposed to hypoxia for 30 minutes (T_30) and 60 minutes (T_60), with a sham surgery group as control. After excising the cerebral cortex, we performed nuclear isolation and library construction for spatio-temporal analysis of cortical cells. Data analysis included differential gene expression, trajectory analysis, examination of gene regulatory networks, and hallmark analysis.Results: Single-cell genomics analysis revealed 12 distinct cell populations with different transcriptomic profiles. Spatio-temporal distinctions in cell signaling were observed, showing a switch from Ras GTPase signaling to calmodulin and calcium-dependent signaling between the two hypoxia levels. In the T_30 group, distal axons and growth cones were transcriptionally active, while in the T_60 group, cell edges and post-synaptic areas were more active. The synaptic vesicle cycle was implicated in transcriptional changes across the T_30 and T_60 groups.Conclusions: Our single-cell genomics study provides new insights into cellular dynamics during hypoxia. The identified cell populations and molecular pathways highlight potential targets for further research and the development of targeted therapies for ischemia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety outcomes following a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm (CHEP) formula and tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation (TQABC) formula in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within a 72 h time window. METHODS: In this randomized, multicenter, double -blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 500 participants will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 1 ??? 1 to the CHEP+ TQABC group or control group. In addition to guideline -based standard medical care, participants in the treatment group will receive the CHEP formula for the first 5 consecutive days followed by the TQABC formula for another 10 consecutive days, while those in the control group will receive CHEP formula placebo and TQABC formula placebo consecutively. The primary outcome measure will be the comparison of the change in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline to 15 days after randomization. The secondary outcome measures will include the scores on the modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index, Patient-Reported Outcomes, TCM symptom pattern (Zheng-hou) evaluation Scale, and the incidence of in-hospital complications. Safety assessment will include the physical examination, laboratory detection, any adverse events or serious adverse events, and the proportion of any complications during hospitalization. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide objective and scientific data with which to assess the efficacy and safety of a sequential treatment based on "integrating disease and symptom pattern" for patients with AIS. (c) 2022 JTCM. All rights reserved.