Hatice Tepe

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term color stability of single-shade composite resins when exposed to simulated intraoral conditions, including staining, brushing, and thermal cycling. Additionally, the study compared the performance of spectrophotometry and cross-polarized (CP) photography in detecting color changes, focusing on their applicability for both clinical and research purposes. Materials and methods: The study employed five single-shade composite resins (Omnichroma; OMN, Zenchroma; ZNC, Vittra APS Unique; VTR, Charisma One; CHR, and Essentia Universal; ESU) and one multi-shade composite resin (Filtek Z550: FLT) for testing. The specimens were subjected to thermal cycling, staining, and brushing to simulate intraoral conditions. Color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer and CP photography at the initial baseline (t₀) and following each subsequent procedure 10-day (t₁) and 1-year simulated staining, brushing and thermal cycling (t₂). Color differences (ΔE₁, ΔE₂) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk for normality, ANOVA and paired t-tests for parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests for non-parametric data. Method consistency was evaluated with the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (p < 0.05). Results: All composite groups demonstrated statistically significant color changes following the simulated conditions (p < 0.001). The CHR group exhibited the highest values for both ΔE₁ and ΔE₂, indicating the greatest degree of discoloration. The FLT and ZNC groups exhibited the lowest ΔE values across methods at various time points. A positive correlation was identified between spectrophotometer and CP photography measurements for all parameters (p < 0.001), although the correlation for ΔE₁ and ΔE₂ was less robust. Conclusions: Single-shade composites display a high susceptibility to significant discoloration when subjected to simulated intraoral conditions, with CHR exhibiting the most pronounced alterations. Both spectrophotometry and CP photography were effective in assessing color stability, with CP photography offering a practical alternative for clinical settings. These findings offer insight into the aesthetic durability of single-shade composites and underscore the importance of long-term evaluations.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different polishing systems on the color stability of single-shade composite resin after coffee immersion, brushing cycles, and re-polishing. Materials & Methods: A total of 40 disc-shaped single-shade composite resin (Omnichroma, Tokuyama, Japan) specimens were prepared using a standard mold. One-step (OneGloss, Shofu, USA), two-step (Clearfil Twist Dia, Kuraray, Japan), multi-step (OptiDisc, Kerr, USA) polishing systems were applied to each group (n=10) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. No polishing procedure was applied to the Control group. Representing 6 months and 1 year of clinical use, specimens were immersed in coffee solution (6–12 days) and subjected to brushing cycles (5000–10000 cycles). The specimens were then re-polished by applying the same polishing procedures as initially applied. Color measurements were repeated in all periods, and color change values were calculated with the CIEDE2000 formulation. Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used for between group comparison, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used as a post-hoc test. Statistical significance was accepted as p

Objective To evaluate the 36-month clinical performance of Single Bond Universal Adhesive (SBU; 3M ESPE, Germany) in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using different modes of adhesion according to the FDI criteria. The primary outcome was the retention loss of the restorations, while the secondary outcomes included marginal staining, marginal adaptation, post-operative sensitivity and tooth vitality, recurrence of caries erosion and abfraction, and tooth integrity, all evaluated according to the FDI criteria. Materials and methods In this study, the SBU Adhesive was applied to 246 NCCLs of 25 patients using different modes of adhesion: Self-etch (SE), selective-enamel-etching (SLE), and etch-and-rinse (ER). All lesions were restored with the same nanohybrid resin composite. The restorations were evaluated at the 1st, the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 36th month using the FDI criteria. The differences between SE, SLE, and ER groups were tested using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests where a value of p < 0.05 was accepted as a criterion for statistical significance. Results After 36-month the recall rate was 96%. The retention loss rates were 29.33% for SE, 16.66% for SLE, and 3.89% for ER modes. Interactions between time periods and adhesive modes were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all FDI criteria. ER mode performed significantly better than SE mode for marginal staining, marginal adaptation and recurrence of caries, erosion and abfraction criteria after the 36th month (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between SE and SLE mode (p > 0.05), nor between SLE and ER mode (p > 0.05). Conclusions After the 36-month evaluation of all adhesive modes used in the study, restorations performed with the ER adhesion mode were clinically good (2), while those performed with the SE adhesion mode and SLE adhesion mode were clinically satisfactory (3) according to the FDI criteria. The primary outcome, retention loss, was significantly lower in the ER mode compared to SE and SLE modes. For secondary outcomes, the ER mode showed better performance in marginal staining, marginal adaptation, and the recurrence of caries, erosion, and abfraction highlighting its clinical advantages for mid-term success in non-carious cervical lesions. Clinical relevance Restorations performed with the SE adhesion mode of universal adhesives exhibit clinically acceptable behavior after 36 months of evaluation, although with less success than those performed with the ER adhesion mode. Clinical trial registration Clinical trials number- NCT06227715, Clinical trials link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06227715

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color change of resin composites with different filler contents subjected to immersion in different solutions, brushing, and thermal aging procedures. A total of 320 samples were prepared using 4 different flowable and 4 different conventional resin composites (n = 40). The samples were separated into 4 subgroups according to the solution to be used (wine, coffee, tea, or distilled water) and then immersed in the solutions for 12 days. All samples were subjected to 10,000 cycles of brushing and 10,000 cycles of thermal cycling procedures. ∆E values were calculated according to CIEDE2000 and CIELab color systems. For statistical analysis, the 3-way analysis of variance, the Tukey test, and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used. The significance level was taken as P < 0.05. Mean color change values differed significantly according to the solution, type of resin composite, and their interactions (P < 0.001). The values of the highest color change were obtained in wine, according to solutions, and conventional according to type. The filler content, viscosity, solutions to which they are subjected and their interactions with each other are effective factors in the color stability of restorative materials. The most effective factor in the color change of resin composites was the solution.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aging and bleaching procedures on the color stability and surface roughness of single-shade composite resins and compare them with a multi-shade composite resin. Methods: Fifty composite resin specimens (n=10 per group) from five brands— Omnichroma (Tokuyama, Japan) (OMN), Zenchroma (President Dental, Germany) (ZNC), Charisma Diamond One (Kulzer, Germany) (CHR), Essentia Universal (GC Corporation, Japan) (ESU) and one multi-shade composite resin Filtek Z550 (3M ESPE, USA) (FLT), —were subjected to aging (1-year simulated staining and brushing) and bleaching procedures. Color measurements were taken at baseline, after aging, and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer, while surface roughness was measured using a contact mode profilometer. Data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models and Tukey’s test for multiple comparison, with a significance level set at p

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the color stability of five nanohybrid composite resins, including locally produced Turkish brands and an international brand, after exposure to staining and brushing simulations over time. Methods: Five nanohybrid composite resins; Filtek Z550 (FLT), Dolgunn (DLG), RubyComp Nano (CMP), Nova Compo C (NVC), and Parion (PRN) were tested. Specimens underwent staining and brushing simulations designed to replicate clinical oral conditions. The staining process involved immersing the specimens in a coffee solution for 8 hours per day over a 10-day period to simulate short-term staining (t1), and for 12 days to simulate long-term staining equivalent to 1 year (t2). Brushing cycles were used to replicate the mechanical wear caused by daily oral hygiene practices. Color measurements were recorded at baseline (t0), after 10 days of staining (t1), and after 1 year of simulated staining and brushing (t2). Additional analyses were conducted using Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate structural and surface characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized linear models and two-way robust ANOVA to assess the significance of differences in color stability, with a significance level set at p

The temperature changes, chemical agents, and brushing activity that resin composite restorations are exposed to in the oral environment can cause changes in surface roughness. In this study, the aim was to investigate in vitro the clinical one-year surface roughness changes of different types of composites (flowable or conventional) from the same companies by subjecting them to immersion in solutions, brushing, and thermal cycling procedures to simulate intraoral conditions. Four different resin composite brands were included in the study using both their conventional (Charisma Smart, 3M Filtek Ultimate Universal, Omnichroma, Beautifil II) and flowable resin composites (Charisma Flow, 3M Filtek Ultimate Flowable, Omnichroma Flow, Beautifil Flow Plus F00), giving 4 groups with 2 types of resin composite in each. 40 samples were prepared for each group/resin type, for a total of 320 samples. After initial surface roughness measurements by a mechanical profilometer, the samples were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 10) and immersed in solutions (distilled water, tea, coffee, or wine) for 12 days. The samples were then subjected to 10,000 cycles of brushing simulation and 10,000 cycles of thermal aging. Surface roughness measurements were repeated after the procedures. For statistical analysis, the 3-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used (p < 0.05). It was concluded that composite groups and types had an effect on surface roughness at time t0 (p < 0.001). At time t1, the highest surface roughness value was obtained in the Beautifil-conventional interaction. When the surface roughness values between time t0 and t1 were compared, an increase was observed in the Beautifil II and Beautifil Flow Plus F00, while a decrease was observed in the other composite groups. Composite groups, types, and solutions had an effect on the surface roughness of resin composites. After aging procedures, it was concluded that the Beautifil group could not maintain the surface structure as it exceeded the threshold value of 0.2 μm for bacterial adhesion.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rotation frequency (rpm) of different polishing discs on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid resin composite material. 126 specimens were prepared in metal molds of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm depth using a nanohybrid resin composite material. The prepared specimens were kept in distilled water for 24 hours. Polishing treatments at 5k, 10k, 15k, and 20k rpm were applied to the nanohybrid resin composite material by grouping different brand polishing discs: Sof-Lex Contouring and Polishing Discs (3M Espe, USA) (3M Group), Optidisc (Kerr Corporation, USA) (Kerr Group), Super-Snap Rainbow Technique Kit (Shofu Dental, Japan) (Shofu Group), Finishing Disc (Bisco Dental, USA) (Bisco Group). The surface roughness was evaluated at three different points by atomic force microscopy for all specimens and scanning electron microscopy was used for visual assessment. Data were evaluated by Two Way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD Test. The mean surface roughness (Ra, μm) of all prepared samples showed significant differences (α = 0.05). According to Two-Way ANOVA, there is a statistically significant relationship between the rpm values and the discs. The 3M group showed the highest roughness value at all rpm speeds. Shofu group at 15k, 20k rpm, Bisco group at 10k, 15k, 20k rpm, the Kerr group at 15k, 20k rpm showed the lowest roughness value and had roughness close to the surfaces finished with a mylar strip. The smoothest surfaces were obtained at 15k rpm, even though polishing discs from different brands were used. It was also observed that 5k and 20k rpm polishing speeds can increase the surface roughness of the nanohybrid resin composite material.

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the color stability of bulk-fill restorative materials with different properties over different time periods when immersed in a coffee solution. Methods: According to the selected restorative materials, the study groups were formed as follows: CNT/light (Alkasite, Cention N, Ivoclar Vivadent, light cure mode), CNT/self (Alkasite, Cention N, self cure mode) EQF (Glass hybrid restorative, Equia Forte HT, GC Corporation), AU (Single-shade bulk fill, Aura Bulk Fill, SDI), Z550 (Filtek Z550, 3M) (control group). A total of 50 samples (n=10) were prepared using standard molds (2mmx10mm). After finishing and polishing procedures, all samples were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The first color measurement (L*a*b ) was performed with Vita Easy Shade V (VITA Zahnfabrik). Samples were added to the coffee solution. Color was measured at times simulating 7 days, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year of clinical service. Color changes (ΔE1, ΔE2, ΔE3 and ΔE4) were calculated according to the CIE L*a*b system. Normality of the data was examined by D'Agostino & Pearson omnibus normality test. One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey test were performed. Statistical significance level was set at p 0.05 and statistical analysis software (GraphPad Prism 6.0, GraphPad Software, USA) was used for the analysis. Results: According to ΔE1 results; clinically unacceptable color change (ΔE>3.3) values were observed in CNT/light and CNT/self groups. The color change values of EQF, Z550 and AU groups were statistically similar (p>0.05). According to ΔE2 results; an unacceptable color change (ΔE>3.3) was observed in all groups except EQF. According to ΔE3 results; an unacceptable color change (ΔE>3.3) was observed in all groups. According to ΔE4 results; an unacceptable color change (ΔE>3.3) was observed in all groups. The color change values of EQF, Z550 and AU groups were statistically similar (p>0.05). CNT/light group showed the highest color change in all time periods, followed by CNT/self group. Conclusion: The color stability of single-shade bulk fill material and glass hybrid restorative materials is similar to the control group. The color stability of alkasite material needs to be improved.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 18‐month retrospective study of self‐etch adhesive (Prime&Bond One Select) and self‐etch mode of universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal, Gluma Bond Universal) applied to non‐carious cervical lesions according to the World Dental Federation criteria.Materials and Methods: Thirty patients without any systemic disease, good oral hygiene, having at least 20 teeth and six non‐carious cervical lesions treated using a self‐etch mode of adhesives operated between January and March 2017. Accordingly, 335 restorations were evaluated according to the World Dental Federation criteria at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Pillai's Trace test was used to determine the interaction of criteria with time and adhesive systems. IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 program was used in the analysis. Value of P < 0.05 was accepted as a criterion for statistical significance.Results: At the end of 18 months, participation was 100%. There was a statistically significant difference P < 0.05 between Prime&Bond One Select and Single Bond Universal, Prime&Bond One Select and Gluma Bond Universal in the 18‐month period. In terms of marginal staining, fracture of material and retention, recurrence of caries, erosion and abfraction, tooth integrity criteria at the end of the 18 months, Prime&Bond One Select performed clinically very good, Single Bond Universal and Gluma Bond Universal performed clinically good according to World Dental Federation criteria. Marginal adaptation criteria, Prime&Bond One Select, Single Bond Universal and Gluma Bond Universal performed clinically good. Retention loss rate was found to be the lowest in Prime&Bond One Select and the highest in Gluma Bond Universal.Conclusion: Accordingly, 18‐month evaluation of all adhesives used in the study showed clinically acceptable results in all of the World Dental Federation criteria.