Kun He

The high operating costs limit the popularity and development of fuel cell buses (FCBs). To enhance the lifecycle operating economy of FCBs, this article analyzes the impact of power sources degradation on operating costs and proposes an online operating costs minimization strategy, which integrates online state of health (SOH) estimation, online multiobjective optimization, and online adaptive adjustment into the control strategy framework. Specifically, the SOH of the power sources is estimated by cycle life models in real time. The hydrogen consumption, battery energy consumption, and power sources degradation are incorporated into the objective function and adjusted in real time according to the SOH. Under different SOH, the simulation results indicate that compared with the equivalent consumption minimization strategy, the proposed strategy can reduce fuel cell and battery degradation by 13.8% and 5%, and decrease operating costs by 5.3%. Moreover, the adaptability of the control strategy is enhanced throughout the full lifecycle.

Driving style has a significant effect on the operating economy of fuel cell buses (FCBs). To reduce hydrogen consumption and prolong the fuel cell life of FCBs, this paper proposes an online adaptive equivalent consumption minimum strategy (A-ECMS) based on driving style recognition. Firstly, driving data from various drivers is collected, and a standard driving cycle is created. Neural networks are then used to identify driving conditions, and three fuzzy logic recognizers are developed to identify driving styles for different driving conditions. The driving style factor is associated with the equivalent factor using an optimization algorithm that incorporates hydrogen consumption cost and fuel cell degradation cost into the objective function. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed A-ECMS can reduce equivalent hydrogen consumption, prolong fuel cell life, and result in a 6.2% reduction in total operating cost compared to the traditional method.