Efe Kurtdede

Introduction/Objectives: Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral disorders in dogs and is characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. This study aimed to compare local and systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with gingivitis and periodontitis and to evaluate neopterin as a potential biomarker of periodontal inflammation. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 dogs were included, comprising 26 dogs with gingivitis and 26 dogs with periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood, and serum samples were collected. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), caveolin‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, neopterin, and selected hematological variables were measured. Biomarker concentrations and correlations between serum and GCF were evaluated. Results: Dogs with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher serum TOS, TAS, and IL‐6 concentrations than dogs with gingivitis ( p < 0.001). In contrast, serum and GCF concentrations of IL‐1β, MCP‐1, caveolin‐1, and neopterin were significantly higher in dogs with gingivitis ( p < 0.001). Neutrophil and monocyte counts were also higher in the gingivitis group. Significant correlations were identified between serum and GCF biomarker concentrations. Conclusions: Periodontal disease in dogs was associated with distinct stage‐dependent inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles. Gingivitis was characterized by increased levels of several inflammatory mediators, whereas periodontitis was associated with increased oxidative stress and IL‐6 concentrations. These findings suggest that local and systemic biomarker responses vary according to periodontal disease stage and warrant further investigation of GCF biomarkers for monitoring periodontal inflammation.

Gentamicin (GTC) is a widely used aminoglycoside antibiotic, but its therapeutic application is limited by nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects primarily driven by oxidative stress. This study investigated the potential protective role of cranberry (CRB) (Vaccinium macrocarpon), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, against GTC-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Hepatic biochemical and histopathological parameters were also evaluated as supportive markers of systemic toxicity. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: Control, CRB, GTC + CRB, and GTC. GTC (80 mg/kg, s.c.) and CRB (200 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered for seven consecutive days. Biochemical analyses showed significant increases in serum BUN, urea, creatinine, ALT, and AST levels in the GTC group, confirming renal and hepatic impairment. Co-treatment with CRB reduced these elevations and improved antioxidant parameters, reflected by decreased MDA and oxidative stress index levels and increased total and native thiols (p < 0.001). Gene expression analyses demonstrated that GTC upregulated pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase-3, -9) and downregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, whereas CRB co-administration reversed these alterations. Histopathological evaluations supported the biochemical findings, revealing severe tubular and hepatocellular necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and hemorrhage in the GTC group, which were markedly alleviated by CRB supplementation. These results suggest that CRB may exert a partial renoprotective effect against GTC-induced oxidative and apoptotic damage, possibly through its antioxidant and cytoprotective properties.

In this study, the changes caused by local and systemic inflammatory and immunological reactions and oxidative stress in the levels of some biomarkers and parameters in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood in dogs with periodontal tissue inflammation were investigated. Fifty dogs were randomly assigned into five equal groups: 1. healthy control (NC); 2. local clinoptilolite applied during treatment (C); 3. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clinoptilolite and chlorhexidine used together during treatment (ACC); 4. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and clinoptilolite applied together during treatment (AC); and 5. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid used during treatment (A). The results showed the increase in the total antioxidant capacity measurement level was significant between days 0 and 7 in all groups except NC. The decrease in the total antioxidant status (TOS) level between days 0 and 7 was found to be significant in all groups. The decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significant between days 0 and 7 in all groups except NC. It was observed that the interleukin-1 β (IL-1B) level between days 0 and 7 showed a substantial decrease in the ACC and AC groups and that the matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and osteocalcin levels decreased significantly between days 0 and 7 in the C and AC groups. In evaluating the treatment used in this study, it was concluded that applying amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and clinoptilolite in dogs with periodontal tissue inflammation was more successful than other treatment protocols.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Turkish propolis extract on the colon cancer model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in Wistar rats. Study groups were designed as cancer group (AOM), control group, AOM+5-FU group, AOM+propolis group, AOM+Propolis+5-FU group. The findings showed that there was a significant decrease in WBC, and lymphocyte levels in the treatment groups AOM+5FU and AOM+Propolis+5FU compared to the AOM group (p˂0.0001, p˂0.005, respectively). The decrease in TAS level and increase in TOS level (p˂0.0001) were found to be significant in the AOM+Propolis+5FU group compared to the AOM group (p˂0.0001). Compared to the the AOM group, caspase-3, caspase-8 and Bax levels were significantly increased and BCL-2 level was significantly lower in the 5 AOM+Propolis+5FU group (p˂0.0001, p˂0.05, p˂0.0001, p˂0.0001, respectively). In the 5-FU and propolis used-therapy groups, decreased anaplasia in colonic cells. In conclusion, we strongly believe that as a chemotherapeutic, 5-FU, and propolis might have a stopper effect on cellular anaplasia over extrinsic apoptotical pathway. We also believe that this antiproliferative effect on cellular anaplasia can appear if the combined therapy is preferred. The therapeutic dose selection is clearly important for this.

This study aimed to evaluate systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid profile in cats that had either naturally gained excess weight or had developed obesity. The following groups were examined in the study: ten obese cats with a body condition score of (BCS) >8 (the obesity group), ten overweight cats with a BCS score of >6 (the overweight group) and ten ideal weight cats with a BCS score of 4-5 (the control group). In the cats that had either gained too much weight or had become obese, the serum AST (P < .001), albumin (P = .002) and total protein (TP) (P < .001) levels were found to be significantly higher than the values determined in the control group cats. Furthermore, blood serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = .009) and triglyceride (TG) (P < .001) levels in cats that had developed obesity were found to be significantly higher than the values defined in the control group cats. In the obese cats, serum procalcitonin (PCT), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), total thiol, native thiol and MDA levels were found to be significantly higher than in overweight cats (P < .001). As a result, it was concluded that it would be useful for veterinarians to consider significant changes in parameters related to liver function and lipid metabolism, as well as to emphasize systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in their clinical evaluations in cats that had either naturally gained excess weight or had developed obesity.

Background and objective: This study aimed to assess the protective ability of edaravone on testicular torsion–detorsion injury in rats.Methods: Eighteen adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group (control, n = 6); testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D group, n = 6) and T/D+edaravone (T/D+E group, n = 6). The spermatic cords of rats of the T/D group and the T/D+E group were rotated 720° in a clockwise direction and maintained for 120 min in this torsion position. Around 90 min after the torsion, edaravone at a dose of 10 mg/kg dissolved in saline was administered IP to the T/D+E group. The testicle was counter‐rotated to its normal position to allow reperfusion for 4 h. Left testes of each animal were excised 240 min after beginning of reperfusion. Oxidative stress markers (TAS, TOS, SOD, and MDA) and apoptotic pathways (Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Caspase 9, Bcl‐2, and Bax,) were assessed by ELISA methods. Also, testicles were subjected to the histopathologic and ultrasound examinations.Results: Ultrasound imaging showed that edaravone reduced the surface area and increased vascularization in testicles with T/D (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05, respectively). Edaravone pretreatment markedly decreased the levels of MDA, TOS, Bcl‐2, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and Caspase 9 (p < 0.0001). Also, it increased significantly TAS levels (p < 0.0001) and reduced insignificantly SOD activity. Histopathologic examinations demonstrated that edaravone significantly attenuated the histological damage caused by T/D in testicles.Conclusion: Taken together, the findings indicate that pretreatment of edaravone has protective effect against testicular T/D injury.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the sperm quality and the osteopontin (OPN) concentration in the prostates of Malakli shepherd dogs. Ejaculates were collected once by digital manipulation from 39 male dogs aged between 2 and 4 years and older. The first and third fractions of the ejaculate were centrifuged at 5000× g for 30 min, and supernatants were stored at −80 °C for further analysis of OPN using a double-antibody sandwich method (SEA899CA, Cloude-Clone Corp, Houston, TX, USA). Meanwhile, the second fractions were evaluated for sperm motility, concentration, viability, and rate of abnormal spermatozoa (head, acrosome, midpiece and tail abnormalities). The average concentration of OPN was 8.7 ± 5.2 ng/mL, and it differed significantly between the 1st 10.4 ± 5.3 ng/mL and 3rd 7.4 ± 5 ng/mL fractions. According to ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis, the OPN concentration had a better diagnostic ability for sperm motility (p < 0.001) than for the rate of abnormal spermatozoa (p < 0.05). Additionally, the OPN concentration was negatively correlated with poor sperm morphology and motility. In conclusion, the OPN concentration in prostate-derived secretions may be a possible marker of sperm quality in dogs. Further research could explore the involvement of OPN in sperm motility during cryopreservation and in vivo fertility.

It was aimed to evaluate the regressive effect of grayanotoxin-rich Turkish mad honey and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), separately and together by using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced colon cancer modelling in rats. Study groups were designed as control group (CG), cancer control group (CCG), 5-Flourouracil group (FUG), Turkish mad honey group (HG), Turkish mad honey and 5-FU combined group (FU-HG). White blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total oxidant status (TOS), and total protein values of the rats in the CCG were significantly lower than the values of the rats in the CG, whereas serum Bcl-2 and survivin levels were significantly higher in the rates belonged to the CCG in comparison to those in the CG. The presence of anaplastic epithelial cells, vascularization, precancerous changes, and inflammatory infiltration detected in the colon and small intestine of the rats in FU-HG, FUG, HG were less intense (P<0.05) compared to the findings in the rats in CCG. In conclusion, mad honey and 5-FU reduced anaplastic cell growth and oxidative stress via suppressed anti-apoptotic activity. Considering the histopathological findings in the liver and kidney, no toxicity occurred related to mad honey and 5-FU metabolization. Therefore, the combined use of these two substances may be an alternative method in the treatment of colon cancer.

Bu çalışmada, sıçanlarda 7,12-dimetilbenz[a]antrasen (DMBA) ile indüklenen bir meme tümörü modelinde vinkristin ve deli balın tek başına ve birlikte uygulanmasındaki baskılayıcı etkileri biyokimyasal, hematolojik ve histopatolojik olarak araştırıldı. 43-49 günlük toplam 72 rat 12 rattan oluşan 6 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu (CG) sağlıklı sıçanlardan oluştu. Araç grubu (VG) sadece araç maddesi aldı ve kanser kontrol grubu (CCG) sadece DMBA aldı. Bal grubuna (HG) sadece Türk deli balı verildi. Vinkristin grubu (VinG) sadece vinkristin ve vinkristin-bal grubu (VHG) hem Türk deli balı hem de vinkristin aldı. 13 haftalık deneme süresinin son 4 haftasında Türk deli balı ve/veya vinkristin verildi. Lökosit ve lenfosit sayıları CCG ve VG gruplarında anlamlı farklılık gösterdi. Alanin transaminaz ve total protein seviyeleri CCG ve VinG gruplarında daha yüksekti. Aspartat transaminaz CCG, HG ve VG gruplarında daha yüksekti. Kreatinin diğer tüm gruplarda HG grubundaki değere göre daha yüksekti. Kaspaz-3 ve Bax protein seviyeleri CG ve VG gruplarında daha yüksek, kaspaz-8 ve -9 ise daha düşüktü. Bax-xL, CCG grubunda daha fazla arttı. HG ve VinG gruplarında anaplazi azaldı, ancak apoptoz ve diğer hücresel hasarlar arttı. Bu DMBA kaynaklı meme kanseri modelinde deli bal ve vincristine'in birlikte etkili terapötik ajanlar olarak kabul edilebileceği sonucuna varıldı.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the serum levels of ANGPTL4, FGF21, IL-1β, IL-6, SOD, MDA, and serum biochemical and hematological parameters in cows with subclinical ketosis. The mean serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) level was 1.37 ± 0.04 mmol/L in 10 dairy cows aged 3-5 years that were <21 days postpartum and diagnosed with subclinical ketosis. The mean serum BHB level was 0.40 ± 0.08 mmol/L in 10 healthy dairy cows in the same period and in the same age range. An increase in serum AST (P<0.001) and a decrease in serum albumin levels (P<0.05) indicated altered liver functions. An increase in serum non-esterified fatty acid (P<0.001) and decreases in serum HDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels (P<0.05) were interpreted as indicators of increased metabolic pathology risk due to negative energy balance. Increases in serum ANGPTL4, FGF2, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA (P<0.001) and SOD levels (P<0.05) were evaluated as indicators of the development of effective metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress.It was concluded that significant increases in serum ANGPTL4, FGF2, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA and SOD levels in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis were associated with negative energy balance, effective cytokine responses, and oxidative stress.