Neval Berrin Arseri̇m

Distal extremity lesions are prevalent in racehorses and cause mild–to–severe lameness, adversely affecting the racing life of horses. This study aimed to determine the incidence of distal extremity lesions in racehorses, to clinically and radiologically assess those lesions. The study included 158 limbs from 140 horses with distal extremity lesions among 282 horses of different breeds, age and sex that were presented to Equine Hospital of the Directorate of Diyarbakir, Turkey, Hippodrome with various clinical complaints during a racing season. Following anamnesis, the horses were clinically examined and lameness was localised. In cases where the lameness could not be localised upon physical examination, regional anaesthesia was performed, followed by radiological assessments based on radiographs acquired from different positions. Clinical and radiological examination revealed that 84.17% of the cases occurred in the forelimb and 15.82% in the rear limb, and the lesions in the forelimb were mostly located in the carpal joint (26.58%), metacarpus (25.31%) and metacarpophalangeal joint (23.41%), whereas those in the rear limb were located in the tarsal joint (7.5%). Therefore, the lesions in the forelimbs were more prevalent than those in the rear limbs of the affected racehorses. Radiography remains a satisfactory imaging technique for the diagnostic imaging of distal limb injuries in horses owing to its cost–effectiveness.

The present study aimed to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye by means of bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria. A total of 40 trout farms located in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman provinces were visited, and 1200 samples were examined. During January and February 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each farm. Samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and tissues following macroscopic laboratory examination of the specimens. Antibiotic treatment is the treatment of choice owing to the lack of an effective vaccine in the control of the disease. Therefore, it is important to rapidly identify the bacterial species and investigate its susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, the causative bacteria were detected in 5 out of 40 farms. The causative bacteria infected the liver, kidney, and tissues. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (5 microgram (µg)), Florfenicol (30µg), Neomycin (5µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Oxytetracycline (30µg), Erythromycin (10µg), Gentamycin (5µg), Streptomycin (5µg) and Nalidixic acid (10µg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in regional farms, which should minimize the stress factors by avoiding overstocking and following the required hygiene rules.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo detectar la bacteria Yersinia ruckeri en muestras de pescado recolectadas de las granjas de trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) en la región de Anatolia del sudeste de Turquía a través del cultivo bacteriológico y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Además, también tenía como objetivo determinar la susceptibilidad antibiótica de la bacteria. Se realizaron visitas separadas a las instalaciones de cultivo de truchas en Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa y Batman en enero y febrero de 2021, y se recolectaron 30 peces con un peso vivo promedio de 200 a 250 g en cada instalación. Se tomaron un total de 1.200 muestras de 40 criaderos de truchas. Se recolectaron especímenes de hígado, bazo, riñón y tejido de trucha arcoíris. Se aisló Yersinia ruckeri del riñón, el hígado y el tejido de pescado en Agar McConkey para realizar exámenes bacteriológicos. Las cepas aisladas fueron identificadas por MALDİ–TOF y PCR. Se detectó el agente bacteriano en muestras de hígado, riñón y músculo tejido de peces en 23 de 40 granjas. En conclusión, estas bacterias fueron detectadas en granjas locales. Estas granjas deben implementar la vacunación, minimizar los factores de estrés que afectan a los peces y evitar el exceso de la sobre población. Los mejores métodos para protegerse contra la infección incluyen evitar la alta densidad los bajos niveles de oxígeno y la mano de obra poco calificada.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), risk factors, and co-infection with intestinal parasites in adult patients presenting gastrointestinal complaints. Materials and Methods: The working group of the study consisted of 385 patients with gastrointestinal complaints. A questionnaire including questions aiming to canvass the socio-demographic features, lifestyles, and complaints of the patients was administered to the study population. Cellophane slide method, native-lugol, sedimentation and Modified kinyoun acid-fast methods were used for the diagnosis of parasites in stool, under microscope. The H. pylori antigen was studied in the stool sample taken for the diagnosis of H. pylori.Results: H. pylori positivity was found to be 27.79% in the patients included in the study. 76.6% of those who are positive for H. pylori are women, and the positivity rate was found to be higher at the age of 40 and over (75.7%). The majority of patients with H. pylori positivity expressed being married (73.8%), having middle / low-income (89.7%), having a low educational background (82.2%), living in a village (55.1%), and in a nuclear family (72.2%) (p<0.001). H. pylori positivity was higher in those who used tap water (40.2%) and those who had a vegetable-based diet (75.7%) (p<0.001). The study found a statistically significant correlation between Entamoeba histoloytica and Enterobius vermicularis positivity and H. pylori positivity (p<0.05 p<0.001, respectively). The calculated odds ratio showed that H. pylori positivity was 1.19 times higher in Entamoeba histoloytica positivity and 11.27 times higher in Enterobius vermicularis positivity. Conclusion: Larger and more comprehensive studies should be performed to understand better the epidemiology, clinical effects, treatment, and control of H. pylori co-infection.

Background: In this study, partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the G gene was performed for the molecular characterization of the virus that caused the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) epidemic in Turkey in 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences was performed with the virus nucleotide sequences of the epidemics seen in 2008 and 2012. These sequences were announced in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences was performed with the virus nucleotide sequences of the epidemics seen in 2008 and 2012. Methods: The study was conducted in dairy cattle holdings located in Diyarbakır Sur, Çınar and Dicle regions in South-eastern Turkey in August-November 2020. The number of animals in the holdings consisted of 750 (n=750), 150 (n=150) and 200 (n=200) cattle, respectively. Result: Severe respiratory symptoms and high mortality in the affected animals were notable symptoms. As a result of the phylogenetic analysis, it was determined that the virus that caused the epidemic in Turkey in 2020 was formed by a new variant in the Turkey-2 group, which was similar to the Indian isolates, unlike the Turkey-1 group, which was close to the Middle East variants in 2008 and 2012 isolates.

Fungal diseases of fish have become increasingly important, over the past 20 years. The traditional ‘‘fungi’’ are comprised of members from several different taxonomic kingdoms. An increasing number of other environmental fungi are being reported from diseased fish, further testament to the opportunistic nature of many fungi. Active fungal agents living in waters cause infections in juvenile and adult individuals in fish populations, leading to decay in eggs and larvae. Fungal infections that are generally observed as a secondary infection in fish populations become established in lesions caused as a result of mechanical injury by bacterial, viral, and parasitic primary agents, consequently causing a change in the prognosis of the disease. Fungi, however, can cause disease under a variety of other circumstances. Some may be more aggressive and play a more primary role. Fungi can be external or internal, and systemic. Fungi can cause problems during reproduction, for example, by infecting fertilized eggs in spawns. Certain species of fungi can grow in poorly stored feeds and produce mycotoxins. Fungal diseases, in general, are very difficult to control or treat once they have taken hold. Prevention is, as always, the best medicine. Increased knowledge of basic biology will help guide treatment and control methods. This review study sought to provide insights into the fungal diseases of wild or farmed fish introduced onto the market.

Climate change has caused increasing Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in areas unaffected by this pathogen. Water temperature is an important ecological factor. It is consequently of high importance to follow V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic environments and foods. The aim of this work was to detect the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in Tigris River from eight different sites namely Malabadi Bridge, Fiskaya, Ongözlü Bridge, Bağıvar, Pamukçay, Ambarçay, Seyrantepe and Silvan. Total 480 samples of water and fish were used for V. parahaemolyticus detection. Thiosulphatecitrate‐bile salt sucrose (TCBS) Agar was employed for bacteria isolation for 24 h at 37◦C. The dominant uniform bacterial colonies were purified by streaking onto the TCBS agar plates three times. Identification of this pathogen was made by PCR. A total of 480 water and fish samples were analyzed. According to the results, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 40 (6.6%) fish samples taken from the Seyrantepe region.

Nekrotizan fasiit (NF) deri altı ve fasiyal dokuların hızla yayılan, potansiyel olarak hayati tehlike yaratan bakteriyel bir enfeksiyonu olup, hastalığın etiyolojisinde farklı bakteriler yer alır. Bu bildiride bir özel veteriner kliniğine yüzde yara şikâyetiyle getirilen 2 yaşında, 3 kg ağırlığındaki dişi tekir kedinin klinik muayenesinde NF olası tanısı konulan bir olgu sunu amaçlanmıştır. Hasta kedinin klinik muayenesinde genel durumun iyi olduğu, yüz bölgesinin her iki tarafında irinleşmemiş nekrotik lezyonlar olduğu saptandığı için Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalına başvuruldu. Lezyonlu bölgelerden alınan steril svap örneklerinden %7 koyun kanlı agara ekim yapılarak aerobik ve anaearobik olarak inkübe edildi. Oluşan koloniler identifikasyona alındı. Klasik biyokimyasal testlerle Staphylococcus spp. ve Streptococcus spp. olarak saptanan etkenler MALDI-TOF’la (Bruker Corporation; Billerica, MA, USA) aynı zamanda zoonoz ajanlar olan Staphylococcus felis ve Streptococcus canis identifiye edildi. Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon tekniğiyle yapılan antibiyotik duyarlılık testine göre Staphylococcus felis tetrasiklin, penisilin, enrofloksasin, ampisilin, gentamisin, eritromisin, vankomisin, novobiosin, amoksisilin/klavulonik asit ve imipenem’e duyarlı, neomisin ve streptomisin’e orta derecede duyarlı ve oksasilin’e dirençli bulunurken, Streptococcus canis penisilin, oksasilin, enrofloksasin, ampisilin, eritromisin, vankomisin, amoksisilin/klavulonik asit ve imipenem’e duyarlı, neomisin, tetrasiklin, novobiosin’e orta derecede duyarlı, streptomisin ve gentamisin’e dirençli olarak saptandı. Bu sonuçlara göre tedavi olarak 10 gün süre ile enrofloksasin + amoksisilin/kalvulonik asit kombinasyonu yapıldı. Tedavi, 2 hafta kantaron yağı, sonrasında aloea-vera sıvısı ve jeli, ayrıca propolisle desteklendi. Tedavi süresi sonucunda klinik iyileşme gözlendi. Sonuç olarak farklı bakteriler tarafından oluşturulabilen NF olgularında başarılı bir tedavi için, etiyolojinin ve duyarlı antibiyotiklerin belirlenmesinin hayvan ve insan sağlığı açısından önemli olduğu sonucuna varıldı.