Mohamad Gazali

Turbinaria decurrens merupakan rumput laut cokelat di perairan pesisir Sinar Bahagia, Kepulauan Simeulue, Aceh, yang memiliki sifat antioksidan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi antioksidan ekstrak rumput laut cokelat T. decurrens. Metode penelitian meliputi skrining fitokimia, penentuan kadar fenol total, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menggunakan pelarut yang berbeda meliputi pelarut metanol, etil asetat dan n-heksan. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan keberadaan flavonoid, saponin, fenolik, dan steroid pada semua ekstrak, yang mengindikasikan adanya cadangan metabolit sekunder yang substansial. Hasil ekstrak metanol menunjukkan aktivitas yang paling kuat (IC50 = 22,1±0,47 mg/mL), diikuti oleh etil asetat (IC50 = 36,7± 2,52 mg/mL) dan n-heksana (IC50 = 46,68±1,79 mg/mL). Kadar fenol total, tertinggi pada ekstrak metanol (2,43 mg GAE/g), diikuti oleh etil asetat (1,50 mg GAE/g) dan n-heksana (0,73 mg GAE/g). Korelasi positif yang kuat (R2 = 0,95) antara kandungan total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan adanya kontribusi dominan senyawa fenolik terhadap kapasitas penangkapan radikal pada ekstrak T. decurrens. Ekstrak T. decurrens dengan pelarut methanol menunjukkan kandungan fenolik dan potensi antioksidan yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pelarut lain. Temuan ini mengindikasikan peluang pemanfaatan ekstrak tersebut dalam aplikasi nutrasetikal atau pangan fungsional. Penelitian mendatang dapat mengeksplorasi isolasi senyawa fenolik spesifik, evaluasi in vivo, serta optimasi pelarut yang lebih luas.

Biofouling poses significant challenges to the maritime industry. While many commercial antifouling agents are effective, their toxic effects on marine ecosystems have raised environmental concerns. To address this issue, this study aimed was to evaluate antifouling properties of Sargassum plagiophyllum extracts through a series of assays, including crystal violet antibiofilm activity, antibacterial screening, cytotoxicity evaluation, aquarium testing, and in situ field experiments. The methanolic crude extract of S. plagiophyllum demonstrated potent antibiofilm activity with an IC50 value of 0.014 mg/mL, while the aqueous fraction exhibited a higher IC50 of 0.690 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay using the brine shrimp lethality assay revealed that S. plagiophyllum crude extract indicated non-toxic action across various concentrations. S. plagiophyllum does not exhibit antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but disrupts bacterial quorum sensing, as evidenced by the formation of a colorless opaque zone in Chromobacterium violaceum assay. Aquarium-based antifouling tests further demonstrated that a 5% formulation of S. plagiophyllum extract significantly reduced bacterial biofilm formation. Panels treated with the 5% S. plagiophyllum formulation exhibited a marked reduction in bacterial adhesion compared with the negative control. These results were comparable to those obtained with commercial antifouling paints: specific commercial antifouling formulations reference 1 (RF1) and reference 2 (RF2), which showed bacterial counts of 0.92×108 CFU/mL (p < 0.001) and 0.95×108 CFU/mL (p < 0.001), respectively. The active fractions identified several compounds, which likely contribute to the observed antifouling properties. In situ testing conducted in Redang Island and Kuala Kemaman, Malaysia, confirmed the efficacy of the 5% S. plagiophyllum formulation in reducing marine fouling over a three-month period, outperforming both RF1 and RF2. These findings highlight the potential of S. plagiophyllum as a sustainable and effective alternative for eco-friendly antifouling coatings on the environmental implications of using S. plagiophyllum.

Marine biofouling remains a critical challenge in the maritime sector, prompting researchers to explore sustainable, eco-friendly, and antifouling solutions derived from marine organisms. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of H. opuntia extract for effective antifouling activity. The research methods included antibiofilm, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing assays, and in situ tests. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of H. opuntia exhibited significantly higher antibiofilm activity, with an IC50 value of 0.020 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the lowest toxicity against the L6 cell line, with an IC50 value of 70.79 µg/mL. Mechanistically, the H. opuntia methanol extract did not exhibit a bactericidal effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but blocked bacterial communication mechanisms through quorum quenching activity, as evidenced by the formation of colorless opaque zones in reporter assays. In situ trials were conducted in the waters of Redang Island and Kuala Kemaman, Malaysia. Panels coated with H. opuntia 5% extract demonstrated superior antifouling performance over three months, with fouling coverage rates of 11.19% and 9.10%, respectively. Further research is needed on the antifouling properties of H. opuntia to identify its active compounds, evaluate its long-term effectiveness, and determine whether it is cost-efficient for mass production.

Alga cokelat Sargassum sp memiliki potensi untuk dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pakan antiobiotik bagi komoditas budidaya ikan nila. Sargassum sp merupakan salah satu organisme laut yang tersebar pada zona intertidal pada kedalam 1-3 m yang masih tembus penetrasi Cahaya matahari. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk memperkenalkan metode ekstraksi Sargassum sp sebagai fitoimunostimulan bagi ikan nila di Balai Perikanan Air Payau Ujong Batee, Aceh Besar. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat meliputi sosialisasi, penyerahan bahan baku Sargassum sp, dan pengenalan invensi paten sederhana dan hasil riset kepada stakeholder. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan stakeholder memberikan dampak dan respon positif untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Outcomes yang diharapkan dalam kegiatan ini adalah implementasi paten sederhana berkaitan dengan metode ekstraksi Sargassum sp sebagai fitoimmunostimulan pada ikan nila (O. niloticus).

Background Strategies to increase body resistance and prevent disease in aquaculture include using vaccines, antibiotics, and probiotics. Today, the use of antibiotics with natural ingredients is becoming a trend. Sargassum sp is a natural ingredient that contains high antioxidants and antibiotics. Methods This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau, in two stages: 1) the sensitivity of extracts of Sargassum sp. and 2) the application of Sargassum sp. extract orally in tilapia (O. niloticus). The parameters measured were clear zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, LD50 test of leaf extract of Sargassum sp. in tilapia (O. niloticus), hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, total leukocytes, total erythrocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and survival rate. Data on hematology parameters were tabulated and analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test when deemed necessary. Results The results showed that the extract of Sargassum sp. inhibited the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a clear zone of 6.5-15.0 mm, which is classified as resistant. At doses of 2000, 2500, and 3000 ppm, it did not cause death in fish for 96 hours (LD50). Hematological parameters can be a sign of the health status of fish. Tilapia given Sargassum sp. in different doses gave an effect between treatments after 30 days of rearing and post-test against A. hydrophila bacteria (p<0.05). The results showed that the hematology of fish fed with Sargassum sp. extract was in the normal or healthy range. Healthy tilapia had erythrocyte counts ranging from 1.34-2.11×106 cells/mm3, hematocrit 26.17-33.19%, hemoglobin 6.26-11.2 g/dL and total leukocytes 1.01-1.50×104 cells/mm3 and total erythrocytes 5.88-9.13×104 cells/ mm3. Conclusions A dose of 3000 ppm provided the highest health improvement against A. hydrophila bacterial infection.

Background Strategies to increase body resistance and prevent disease in aquaculture include using vaccines, antibiotics, and probiotics. Today, the use of antibiotics with natural ingredients is becoming a trend. Sargassum sp is a natural ingredient that contains high antioxidants and antibiotics. Methods This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau, in two stages: 1) the sensitivity of extracts of Sargassum sp. and 2) the application of Sargassum sp. extract orally in tilapia (O. niloticus). The parameters measured were clear zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, LD50 test of leaf extract of Sargassum sp. in tilapia (O. niloticus), hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, total leukocytes, total erythrocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and survival rate. Data on hematology parameters were tabulated and analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test when deemed necessary. Results The results showed that the extract of Sargassum sp. inhibited the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a clear zone of 6.5-15.0 mm, which is classified as resistant. At doses of 2000, 2500, and 3000 ppm, it did not cause death in fish for 96 hours (LD50). Hematological parameters can be a sign of the health status of fish. Tilapia given Sargassum sp. in different doses gave an effect between treatments after 30 days of rearing and post-test against A. hydrophila bacteria (p<0.05). The results showed that the hematology of fish fed with Sargassum sp. extract was in the normal or healthy range. Healthy tilapia had erythrocyte counts ranging from 1.34-2.11×106 cells/mm3, hematocrit 26.17-33.19%, hemoglobin 6.26-11.2 g/dL and total leukocytes 1.01-1.50×104 cells/mm3 and total erythrocytes 5.88-9.13×104 cells/ mm3. Conclusions A dose of 3000 ppm provided the highest health improvement against A. hydrophila bacterial infection.

Tumbuhan Ipomoea pes-caprae merupakan tumbuhan herba yang tumbuh pada substrat berpasir di mana sudah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat pesisir sebagai obat tradisional untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas penangkapan radikal bebas pada ekstrak daun I. pes-caprae yang berasal dari Pantai Labuhan Haji, Aceh Selatan. Penelitian meliputi ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol, etil asetat dan n-heksana, uji fitokimia, aktivitas penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH, dan kandungan total fenolik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun I. pes-caprae memiliki rendemen tertinggi pada ekstrak metanol 6,5% yang diikuti dengan ekstrak n-heksana 3,5% dan ekstrak etil asetat 1,6%. Ekstrak daun tumbuhan I. pes-caprae mengandung senyawa alkaloid, fenolik, saponin, flavonoid, dan tanin. Hasil aktivitas penangkapan radikal bebas menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 13,83±5,85 mg/L sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat nilai IC50 sebesar 7,36±1,91 mg/L dan ekstrak n-heksana memiliki nilai IC50 16,01±3,89 mg/L, asam askorbat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 3,5±1,74 mg/L sebagai kontrol positif. Kandungan total fenolik daun I. pes-caprae ekstrak etil asetat sebesar 22,9±0,64 mg GAE/g sedangkan ekstrak metanol sebesar 9,89±2,62 mg GAE/g dan kadar total fenolik paling rendah terdapat pada ekstrak n-heksana dengan nilai sebesar 5,90±2,67 mg GAE/g. Kadar fenolik memiliki korelasi positif dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang diindikasikan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak daun I. pes-caprae didonorkan oleh senyawa fenolik sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh senyawa lain yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun I. pes-caprae.

Background: Strategies to increase body resistance and prevent disease in aquaculture include using vaccines, antibiotics, and probiotics. Today, the use of antibiotics with natural ingredients is becoming a trend. One of the natural ingredients that contain high antioxidants and antibiotics is Sargassum sp. Methods: This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau, in two stages: 1) the sensitivity of extracts of Sargassum sp. and 2) the application of Sargassum sp. extract orally in tilapia (O. niloticus). The parameters measured were clear zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, LD50 test of leaf extract of Sargassum sp. in tilapia (O. niloticus), hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, total leukocytes, total erythrocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and survival rate. Data on hematology parameters were tabulated and analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test when deemed necessary. Results: The results showed that the extract of Sargassum sp. inhibited the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a clear zone of 6.5-15.0 mm, which is classified as resistant. At doses of 2000, 2500, and 3000 ppm, it did not cause death in fish for 96 hours (LD50). Hematological parameters can be a sign of the health status of fish. Tilapia given Sargassum sp. in different doses gave an effect between treatments, both after 30 days of rearing and post-test against A. hydrophila bacteria (p<0.05). The results showed that the hematology of fish fed with Sargassum sp. extract was in the normal or healthy range. Healthy tilapia had erythrocyte counts ranging from 1.34-2.11×106 cells/mm3, hematocrit 26.17-33.19%, hemoglobin 6.26-11.2 g/dL and total leukocytes 1.01-1.50×104 cells/mm3 and total erythrocytes 5.88-9.13×104 cells/ mm3. Conclusions: A dose of 3000 ppm provided the highest health improvement against A. hydrophila bacterial infection.

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that attacks the lungs generated by carcinogenic free radicals such as cigarette smoke. Seaweed contains bioactive compounds that have the potential to reduce cancer-causing free radicals. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical content and cytotoxic activity of Halimeda tuna seaweed extract against lung cancer cells (A549). The H. tuna sample was macerated using methanol for 24 h. Cytotoxic test of H. tuna crude extract used the MTT test against A549. The crude extract was phytochemically tested and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the H. tuna crude extract had cytotoxic activity against A549 with an IC50 value of 2771 µg/mL. The phytochemical test showed that H. tuna crude extract contained flavonoids and steroids. showed the presence of fatty acid compounds including palmitic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid. Based on the results can be concluded that H. tuna extract had cytotoxic activity against A549 with low cytotoxicity to be used as a chemo-preventive agent.

Background: Strategies to increase body resistance and prevent disease in aquaculture include using vaccines, antibiotics, and probiotics. Today, the use of antibiotics with natural ingredients is becoming a trend. One of the natural ingredients that contain high antioxidants and antibiotics is Sargassum sp. Methods: This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau, in two stages: 1) the sensitivity of extracts of Sargassum sp. and 2) the application of Sargassum sp. extract orally in tilapia (O. niloticus). The parameters measured were clear zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, LD50 test of leaf extract of Sargassum sp. in tilapia (O. niloticus), hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, total leukocytes, total erythrocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and survival rate. Data on hematology parameters were tabulated and analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test when deemed necessary. Results: The results showed that the extract of Sargassum sp. inhibited the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a clear zone of 6.5-15.0 mm, which is classified as resistant. At doses of 2000, 2500, and 3000 ppm, it did not cause death in fish for 96 hours (LD50). Hematological parameters can be a sign of the health status of fish. Tilapia given Sargassum sp. in different doses gave an effect between treatments, both after 30 days of rearing and post-test against A. hydrophila bacteria (p<0.05). The results showed that the hematology of fish fed with Sargassum sp. extract was in the normal or healthy range. Healthy tilapia had erythrocyte counts ranging from 1.34-2.11×106 cells/mm3, hematocrit 26.17-33.19%, hemoglobin 6.26-11.2 g/dL and total leukocytes 1.01-1.50×104 cells/mm3 and total erythrocytes 5.88-9.13×104 cells/ mm3. Conclusions: A dose of 3000 ppm provided the highest health improvement against A. hydrophila bacterial infection.